A Comprehensive Guide. You can try your hand at the pirates life with an adventure on a pirate ship cruise in Orange Beach. The US States that border the Gulf of Mexico are famous for their beautiful beaches. Population along the Gulf coast exploded in the 1950s, and the rising number of people living along the Gulf resulted in increased pollution problems. The Overwater Argument. Some portions of the loop current often break away, forming gyres or eddies which further affects the regional current patterns. The wetlands here comprise nearly 30% of all wetlands in the United States. The average depth of the Gulf of Mexico is approximately 1,600 meters, or 5,200 feet. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/23/nation/la-na-oil-rig-20100423, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/us/29spill.html, http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/about/facts.html#resources, M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay, B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento, Fausset, Richard. 600000 surface area (sq mi) 17070 max. South of Cocodrie at 28.09 degrees North and 90.71 degrees West, Diaphus Bank covers about 20 square miles. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill damaged deep-sea habitats over a large area. Heres why each season begins twice. The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum . and southward under the influence of eddies typical of the deep Gulf of Mexico (Androulidakis et al., 2018). The oil rig involved in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was owned and operated by offshore oil-drilling company Transocean and leased by the oil company BP. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Fishing in the Gulf of Mexico: - Top spots & species - How to fish (charter fishing, deep sea fishing, shore fishing) - When to come | For beginners and pros . How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. All major bodies of saltwater, including the oceans, are ocean basins. Scientists think the salt probably accumulated around the time when Africa was just starting to separate from the Americas around 200 million years ago. Additionally, the storm surge for each Category increases with severity, a Category 1 is 4 5 feet, while a Category 5 is 19 feet or more! On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon platform caused the largest oil spill in history. The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de Mxico in Spanish) is located in the Atlantic Ocean, and the majority of it is bordered by the United States and Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico, located between Florida and Yucatan peninsulas, is a great place to vacation, live, and work. Were here to help! ???? For over 10 years, scientists and researchers have come a long way in restoring, recovering, and researching the . At its deepest point the bottom is 2.7 miles underwater, but most of the Gulf is much shallower. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Here's where to find more lumps to fish in the gulf. First discovered in 1999 by Texas A&M deep-tow data and 3D seismic supplied by WesternGeco LLC, the furrows are expressed for over 200 km along the Sigsbee . below the gulf's surface, with a circumference of 100 feet (30 m) and 12 feet (3.7 m) feet deep, which is four to five times saltier than the rest of the water. The North-West Gulf of Mexico. Facts About Marine Life in the Gulf of Mexico, 10 Facts About the Geography of Baja California. Looking for more fun facts? A few hundred years ago, our beaches were home to pirates who hid in Perdido Pass and Perdido Bay while waiting to raid ships in the Gulf. The use of "Sigsbee" for the feature originates from Commander Charles Dwight Sigsbee's Gulf of Mexico surveys that defined the general features of the body while commanding officer of the USC&GS George S. Blake. These slow-growing, long-living animals thrive in very deep waters300 meters (984 feet) and . Thus, in 1559, Tristn de Luna y Arellano landed at Pensacola Bay and established a settlement. She holds a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from California State University. Some of the significant ones include Blue whale, Brydes whale, Fin whale, Killer whale, Minke whale, Humpback whale, Sperm whale, and Northern right whale. About 60% of the Gulf is less than 700 feet deep. For-Hire Fishing Permits in the Gulf of Mexico All Recreational Anglers need a saltwater recreational fishing license or registration from a state or U.S. territory except Hawaii, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently, there are about 27,000 wells, both oil and gas, that have been drilled and abandoned in the Gulf. Sea wall installed to protect Fort Myers Beach condo building just feet from the Gulf of Mexico March 2, 2023 Observing the migrant crisis from the eyes of the U.S. Coast Guard Hurricanes are common along the Gulf Coast, such as Katrina in 2005, Ike in 2008, Harvey in 2016, and Michael in 2018. Here are 11 facts about the Gulf. But the Gulf is also a habitat for other sea animals including dolphins, whales, sea turtles, and manatees. One of the most devastating was Hurricane Katrina, which formed in the Gulf of Mexico in 2005 and caused over 1,200 deaths and $125 billion in damage, mostly concentrated in New Orleans, Louisiana and surrounding areas. The dead zones are incapable of supporting aquatic flora and fauna. Its shallow, saltier, and serene waters surrounded by velvety quartz sand may seem like another world when compared to the Atlantic's cool and thrilling waves and golden-brown sand. 5. This beautiful body of water is what brings people from all over to our destination. Not sure where the Gulf of Mexico is? It has been estimated that these islands were formed about 5,000 - 8,000 years ago. To the north of the Gulf of Mexico are the US states of Alabama, Texas, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. 8. A second disposal location roughly 125 miles south of Galveston, Texas, is known as Site A, and the Mississippi Canyon area is known as Site B. The Gulf of Mexico produces nearly 20% of all U.S. crude oil. One hundred miles southeast of Galveston's muddy shoreline, the Gulf of Mexico becomes a dazzling, vibrant blue. Coordinates: 24.487, -89.5363. Today, the most serious pollution threats to the Gulf of Mexico come from oil drilling and agricultural runoff. Most of the basin consists of shallow intertidal areas, but its deepest point is called Sigsbee Deep and has an estimated depth of about 14,383 feet (4,384 m). 6. The floor of the Gulf of Mexico is one of the most geologically interesting stretches of the Earth's surface. The Alabama Gulf Coast boasts the largest artificial reef program in the nation, with 1,136 square miles of artificial reefs located at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico. The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points, How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer. There is much speculation as to what caused the explosions. Right, In addition to impacts to the diversity of marine life living on the seafloor, researchers found a conservative chemical tracer of petroleum in surface seafloor sediments extending 15 miles from the Macondo wellhead (Valentine et al. Efforts in May to place a containment dome over the largest leak in the broken riser were thwarted by the buoyant action of gas hydratesgas molecules in an ice matrixformed by the reaction of natural gas and cold water. 617,800 mi Gulf of Mexico/Area. The accident resulted in the deaths of 11 workers and caused a massive, ongoing oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico. Tourism accounts for $100 billion annually and in 2008 the fishing harvest from five Gulf states totaled $661 million. Black coral that grows in the Gulf of Mexico is thought to be one of the oldest living organisms on Earth. The Western Gulf of Mexico, and. ABOARD THE WESTERN NEPTUNE, Gulf of Mexico Every 17 seconds, a small armada of ships trawling 130 miles from the Louisiana coast fire powerful air guns toward the bottom of the sea in a. Visit the National Saltwater Angler Registry to ensure you are registered. Animals that wander into the lake dont come out alive. But it wasnt good enough for biologists who needed a more detailed picture of the area around the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill so they could assess the ecological damage. The Gulf of Mexico features a wide continental shelf, specifically around Florida and the Yucatn Peninsula. About 4 of the United States largest fishing ports are located in the Gulf of Mexico region. Without any opposing force, oil began to discharge into the gulf. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest marine oil spill in U.S. history. The Gulf of Mexico is a large oval-shaped oceanic basin, that is located on the southeastern coast of North America and is bounded by the US states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and Florida to the north, northeast and northwest; by the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Yucatan to the south and southwest; and by the island of Cuba to the southeast. Over 40 species of sharks live in the Gulf of Mexico. During this period the conditions are favorable for the development of hurricanes. The defective BOP and the capping stack were removed in early September and replaced by a functioning BOP. The casual observer would need to watch the coral for many years possibly hundreds to notice any difference in its growth, however. Many died from ingesting oil or because it interfered with their ability to regulate their body temperatures. The basin is roughly circular in shape and approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km) wide. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisiana and its subsequent sinking on April 22. "Flaming Oil Rig Sinks in Gulf of Mexico. To the south and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico is bordered by Mexico. The distance will be displayed below the map in miles or kilometers. The Gulf of Mexico is somewhat shallow, along the coastal continental shelf areas, and has an average depth of 1,615m. Florida and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Grids. It is a warm Atlantic Ocean current and the warmth of this current is the cause of the formation of devastating Atlantic hurricanes. Hurricane Harvey is tied with Hurricane Katrina as the costliest in U.S. history. Theres a pocket of seawater in the Gulf of Mexico near New Orleans that contains salt content thats 5 times higher than neighboring waters. What caused the Deepwater Horizon oil spill? Northern Gulf of Mexico deepwater bathymetry grid created from 3D seismic surveys. The southeast is bordered by the northwest portion of Cuba, which includes the capital, Havana. Briney, Amanda. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In this guide, we explain exactly where the Gulf of Mexico is and what its boundaries are, and we include a Gulf of Mexico map so you can see a visual of it. The Gulf of Mexico was the site of a largeoil spillthat occurred on April 22, 2010, when an oil drilling platform, the Deepwater Horizon, suffered an explosion and sank into the Gulf about 50 miles (80 km) from Louisiana. The Sigsbee Deep[Note 1] (Mexico basin in the U. S. Board on Geographic Names Advisory Committee on Undersea Features (ACUF) Gazetteer),[1] is a roughly triangular basin that is the deepest part of the Gulf of Mexico named for Commander Charles Dwight Sigsbee, USN, Assistant U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, commanding officer of the USC&GS George S. Blake which discovered the feature during its mapping of the Gulf of Mexico. Recreation and the tourism sector are important industries in the regions that surround the Gulf of Mexico. The black coral that lives in the Gulf has been found recently to be in the running for one of the oldest living things on earth. Thirty-one nominal species of the benthic harpacticoid family Zosimeidae Seifried, 2003 are known from several coastal systems less than 200 m depth and the deep sea. Anglers can check out the most common fish found on Alabamas beaches here. The Gulf of Mexico also features numerous coastal wetlands and mangrove forests. The marine chart shows depth and hydrology of Gulf Of Mexico on the map, which is located in the Veracruz, Texas, Florida state (La Perla, Fayette, Clay). The economics of the area as well as the environment thus are sensitive to pollution. The Deepwater Horizon rig, owned and operated by offshore-oil-drilling company Transocean and leased by oil company BP, was situated in the Macondo oil prospect in the Mississippi Canyon, a valley in the continental shelf. The Gulf is a very accessible body of water. The Gulf Stream is one of the most powerful and warm ocean currents that flow from the Gulf of Mexico towards the northern Atlantic Ocean. Supported by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) Ocean Exploration and Research, the research team recently completed an expedition into the Green Banana Blue Hole . The average depth of the Gulf of Mexico is 5,299 feet (1,615 meters) and the maximum depth is estimated to be 14,383 feet (4,384 meters). These banks provide critical habitats for many marine animals including commercially valuable fishes, sharks, rays, and sea turtles. The Gulf of Mexico has around 1443 different species of fish in its water. To learn more about the Gulf of Mexico, visit theGulf of Mexico Programfrom the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Claims by several research groups that subsurface plumes of dispersed hydrocarbons had been detected in May were initially dismissed by BP and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). MarineMax Panama City Beach | MarineMax Fort Walton Beach | MarineMax Pensacola | Grady-White Boats, Posted by 30A on Wednesday, 2 February 2022. A mans world? (A 2014 report by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board claimed that the blind shear rams had activated sooner than previously thought and may have actually punctured the pipe.). Hurricane Season of Gulf of Mexico: The hurricane season officially begins at the beginning of June and ends in late November. This cross section has been derived from recently collected deep-penetration seismic reflection profiles collected by industry. The Spanish explorer Tristn de Luna y Arellano landed at Pensacola Bay and established a settlement on August 15, 1559. The Gulf of Mexico encompasses around 617,800 square miles of water and stretches around 932 miles across from east to west. There is a thriving range of wildlife living in the Gulf of Mexico and along its coastlines. The two designs are sized and analyzed for the new Gulf of Mexico metocean criteria. Now that's deep! Half of the crater is located on land while the other half is under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The Sigsbee Deep, 200 miles southeast of Brownsville, Texas, is estimated to be between 12,300 to 14,383 feet. The deepest point is in the Mexico Basin (Sigsbee Deep), which is 17,070 feet (5,203 metres) below sea level. Scientists just confirmed a 30-foot void first detected inside the monument years ago. It doesnt hurt that a large part of the Gulf is right over the North American Continental Shelves, which means the water is fairly shallow. Different species of jellyfish are also commonly found in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The cited reference discusses differences in United States and IHO committee views and variations between names recommended by the Advisory Committee on Undersea Features (ACUF) of the U. S. BGN and the GEBCO committee. The entire coastline felt the effects of Hurricane Katrina: 1,800 lives were lost and damages caused by the storm totaled $125 billion. A sea lily (Crinoidea) rests in the middle of a mushroom coral (Anthomastus sp.) The Gulf of Mexico is located below the southeastern portion of the United States. These complex ecosystems include corals, fish, anemones, sponges, and sea cucumbers-but limited knowledge about these habitats creates challenges for their restoration. When these algae die, they lead to deterioration in the water quality and depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water bodies. Red snapper are generally found in waters from 30 to 620 feet deep and are one of the most heavily . n o date, more than $11.6 billion has been paid to Gulf-area T The average depth of the Gulf of Mexico is 5,299 feet (1,615 meters) and the maximum depth is estimated to be 14,383 feet (4,384 meters). The deepest part of the Gulf of Mexico, Sigsbee Deep, is estimated to be around 14,383 feet deep while the average depth is around 5,300 feet. An ocean basin, it is bounded on the northeast, . Clear Map How To Use Zoom and drag the map to find the location of marker 1 Click to place marker 1. The Jacuzzi of Despair as its called, is a combination of methane gas and hydrogen sulfide that kills all creatures who enter it. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Alabama Gulf Coast boasts the largest artificial reef program in the nation, with 1,136 square miles of artificial reefs located at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico. Some of the notable species include Blacktip shark, Bonnethead shark, Bull shark, Great hammerhead shark, Lemon shark, Nurse shark, and Sand Tiger Shark. The Brydes whale has recently been declared as an endemic species. Observe fireboat responding to crews battling the fire during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010, See how wire entanglement inside a well bore mitigates the effects of blowout preventer failure in an oil well. The narrow subtropical sea is 1,130km (700 miles) long and 80-209km (50-130 miles) wide. Two days later, following a series of pressure tests, it was announced that the well was completely sealed. (2021, September 8). The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest ocean basinin the world, covering almost 600,000 square miles. Lets look at some unique facts about this body of water. It is rumored that they buried some of their stolen loot on the bay. The plan would mainly limit drilling to the Gulf of Mexico, with one proposed lease sale in waters off Alaska. In early July the LMRP cap was removed for several days so that a more permanent seal could be installed; this capping stack was in place by July 12. This region consists of about 1,394 miles (2,243 km) of coastline. The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. 9. After the discovery of Cuba and Mexico by the early Europeans, Spain had led a military invasion through the Gulf to colonize these areas. ", Robertson, Campbell and Leslie Kaufman. The Gulf of Mexico is connected to the Caribbean Sea via the Yucatn Channel (between Cuba and Mexico); and with the Atlantic Ocean through the Straits of Florida (between Cuba and US). These four industries produce nearly $234 billion annually. Breathtaking vistas create an inviting back drop for all-season entertaining.. Unfortunately, oil spills have caused irreparable damage while overfishing, pollution, and more threaten this critical resource. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in pictures, The Perils of Industry: 10 Notable Accidents and Catastrophes, https://www.britannica.com/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill, National Ocean Service - Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Deepwater Horizon oil spill: debris and oil, Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010: path of the oil, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. But its not just another waterway. The Gulf of Mexico supports huge populations of fishes. The first oil well was drilled in the Gulf in 1938. Please select which sections you would like to print: Richard Pallardy received a B.A. The area then filled with seawater, forming the Gulf of Mexico. What are the circles in the Gulf of Mexico? Photo credit: NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program. Off the sands in Florida lies a 360-mile stretch of coral Reefs which developed 10,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. With the damaged riser shorn from the LMRPthe top segment of the BOPthe cap was lowered into place. With millions of gallons of oil spilled in the sea, the response effort was large and has lasted for over a decade. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Today, there are roughly 27,000 abandoned oil and gas wells underneath the Gulf. The Padre Island is the worlds longest barrier island. They said this would protect shipping, and in the event of an emergency, rescue would be nearby. 7. Before the Gulf of Mexico exists the landscape was a continuous mountain range that spanned from Central Mexico up to West Texas, Oklahoma, and Alabama where it connected to the Appalachia Mountains. Omissions? With that success, they realized they could map the whole Gulf of Mexico the same way. Should You Stay in Gulf Shores or Orange Beach? The rig capsized and sank on the morning of April 22, rupturing the riser, through which drilling mud had been injected in order to counteract the upward pressure of oil and natural gas. Both cores were likely too weak to withstand the pressure because they were composed of a concrete mixture that used nitrogen gas to accelerate curing. The average depth of the Gulf is roughly 5,200 feet, but other parts of the Gulf of Mexico are surprisingly deep. The success of these procedures cleared the way for a bottom kill, considered to be the most likely means of permanently sealing the leak. The average depth of the Gulf is roughly 5,200 feet, but other parts of the Gulf of Mexico are surprisingly deep. It has been estimated that the Gulf of Mexico yields more shrimp, finfish, and shellfish per year than the New England, Chesapeake, south, and Mid-Atlantic areas combined. The Gulf's geologic origin remains uncertain. Over 400 species of birds have been recorded visiting our coast while migrating southward. Shrimp and oysters are the most common fish products harvested from the Gulf. Its no secret that the best seafood comes from the Gulf, which is why 75% of the shrimp in the United States comes from the Gulf of Mexico. Look forBeach Happy magazine at Barnes & Noble, Books-A-Million, Publix, Kroger and other major outlets. The Gulf State Park Fishing and Education Pier is the second-longest pier in the Gulf of Mexico. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill began on April 20, 2010, when an explosion damaged the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. The Gulf is about 1, 000 miles wide, as much as 14, 000 feet deep, and receives runoff from vast areas of the continent. Most of the basin consists of shallow intertidal areas, but its deepest point is called Sigsbee Deep and has an estimated depth of about 14,383 feet (4,384 m). Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: PrepScholar 2013-2018. A large oil spill occurred on April 22, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico, when the Deepwater Horizon an oil drilling platform, suffered an explosion and sank into the Gulf. "Size of Spill in Gulf of Mexico is Larger than Thought. The Sigsbee Deep, 200 miles southeast of Brownsville, Texas, is estimated to be between 12,300 to 14,383 feet. Natural gas wasnt far behind, comprising 47 percent of the U.S. totals. This year, the Mississippi River flooded for more than 6 months, unprecedented in both length of time and volume of water. The explosion Leopard is located in OCS block Alaminos Canyon (AC) 691, approximately 20 miles (32 kilometers) east of the Whale discovery, 20 miles (32 km) south of the recently appraised Blacktip discovery . Recreation and tourism are also a significant part of the economy of the lands surrounding the Gulf of Mexico. nutrient-enriched waters from the deep by a process known as upwelling, which stimulates plankton growth in the euphotic zone. Deep below the surface, salt domes protrude from the seafloor and some of the . Because salt also flows easily, it can deform and get squeezed, which results in blobs of salt pushing up into the layers above, making domes and ridges and faults. While the Gulf of Mexico was once the source of colonization and discovery for early explorers, today its known for its four major industries oil and gas, shipping, fishing, and tourism. In addition to the oil, nearly 2 million gallons of toxic dispersants were sprayed into the Gulf's waters. As you can clearly see in the image below, this data is much higher resolution than the best available map, which was made in the 1990s. However, there are some areas of the Gulf that are much deeper. Every day, 30A shares Beach Happy stories and eco-conscious products with millions of fans worldwide. Eighteen percent of the country's oil comes from offshore wells in the Gulf. Here are 11 facts about the geography of the region: The Gulf of Mexico likely formed as a result of seafloor subsidence (or the gradual sinking of the seafloor) about 300 million years ago. A Deep Dive into the United States First Underwater Museum, This article appears in the inaugural issue of 30AsBeach HappyMagazine. coastline, at least 1,200 square miles of the deep ocean floor, and 68,000 square miles of surface water. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? The Ultimate Guide to Campgrounds in Gulf Shores & Orange Beach, How to Plan a Budget-Friendly Beach Vacation, 10 Fun Family Activities in Gulf Shores & Orange Beach, 10 Cheap & Free Things To Do in Gulf Shores & Orange Beach, Take The Kids On A Catch & Release Crabbing Adventure On Alabama's Gulf Coast, The Best Restaurants for Fine Dining on Alabama Beaches, The Four Best Coffee Shops in Gulf Shores & Orange Beach, 4 Beach Restaurants Perfect for Date-Night, 10 Things to Know Before Your Gulf Shores & Orange Beach Vacation, 5 Things I Learned From My Alabama Beach Vacation, Easy Options for a Pet-Friendly Beach Vacation, Bike-Sharing at Gulf State Park: Share the Trails, Share the Wheels, 10 Things to do with Teens in Gulf Shores & Orange Beach, 5 Thrilling Amusement Parks Gulf Shores Orange Beach, The Gulf State Park Fishing and Education Pier. It is largely surrounded by the continent of North America. Covering an area of 1,507,639 km2, the Gulf of Mexico is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean and the worlds largest gulf. . The Gulf of Mexico is known for beautiful white-sand beaches and exciting offshore fishing. Over the centuries, people continued to use the Gulf of Mexico as a source of food and resources, as well as for navigation. Oil and gas interests generate about $124 billion, nearly half the sum generated by all industries combined. The Sigsbee Deep, 200 miles southeast of Brownsville, Texas, is estimated to be between 12,300 to 14,383 feet. Do You Know the Different Regions of the US? Because it is a warm current, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico are normally also warm, which feeds Atlantic hurricanes and helps in giving them strength. Zoom and drag the map to find the location of marker 2. The most common found around Alabama beaches are bull sharks, great hammerhead sharks, sand tiger sharks and shortfin mako sharks. A well-preserved shipwreck is seen in the Gulf of Mexico. "Geography of the Gulf of Mexico." Red tide algae blooms in the Gulf have led to large die-offs of marine species, and the Gulf of Mexico is reported to contain one of the highest levels of microplastics in the world.
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