D. traditionalists; progressives, When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people: B. low self-esteem Paul commutes to and from work each day. A. individualism B. success and distance ourselves from failure. D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves, Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. Once he feels like he knows that, he goes on. The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n) _______ locus of control. C. self-efficacy C. relationships. -interrupt the experimenter to get instructions. 1 / 36. Explain. Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. Curse of knowledge: When those who are experts in their field tend to talk above people around them on that topic. However, researchers have also found that. Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. Which of the following best describes Jack's behavior? -the false uniqueness effect-the "above average" effect-the false consensus effect. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. The "correspondence bias" is another term that is used to refer to. They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about others, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about others AND attributions that we make about ourselves. That is, the smell of coconut oil __________ memories of your trip. C. self-centered D. remains constant. D. an internal locus control, Which part of the brain seems to be involved in maintaining our sense of self? One's _____ makes up his/her _____. A. high self-esteem C. high Compliance is from a person of equal, whereas obedience is from a person of authority. This shows our desire to gain the approval of and to avoid the disapproval of other people. What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . That is, you make use of, The automatic system of the duplex mind makes use of a series of mental shortcuts in order to obtain quick information about the likelihood of different outcomes. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. FALSE- UNIQUENESS EFFECT: "Some individuals with an inflated ego would 'suffer' from the false uniqueness effect . One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. B. negatively B. skill; chance A. a self-fulfilling prophecy The simulation heuristic tends to invoke __________ thinking. C. self-serving bias How does the just-world-hypothesis explain fundamental attribution error? B. we are more vulnerable to depression phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. C. the false consensus effect. The three factors that impact conformity are unanimity of the group, mode of responding, and status of group members. C. a social comparison The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the ________ effect. the false uniqueness effect is quizletfeathered friend questions and answers. However, some people who saw media reports on the hurricane victims did not understand this. Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, Goel et al. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. This pattern is known as, Reducing errors and biasing by getting people to use controlled rather than automatic processing is called, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"PSY330 - Chapter 5","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/psy330-chapter-5-3854445","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. C. self-serving bias . -You are trying not to think about the fact that you made a fool of yourself at a party last weekend, but the more you try not to think about it, the more the thought keeps popping into your head. C. average Examples of impact bias For example, gaining or loosing a romantic partner, getting or not getting a promotion . Within the field of social cognition, the term "priming" refers to, Montana and Sarah are playing cards. The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who. D. zero, Self-monitoring is: humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. What phenomenon is MOST likely to be responsible for this? This is an example of a. self-affimation b. social learning theory C. operant conditioning assortative mating o boon- 13. a. A. high self-esteem C. narcissists are more outgoing than those high in self-esteem B. This student is the only Hispanic person she has ever known. C. defensive pessimism C. high self-efficacy B. experience great difficulty. D. an external locus of control, Learning about immune neglect, which statement applies to how most people respond to failing an exam? B. family situation A gain-framed appeal focuses on framing something in terms. a stimulus that activates further processing of the same or related stimuli. When Maya was 3 years old, she was swarmed by bees. people who share He wants to be the "cool dad" but fears that he will be a harsh disciplinarian like his father was. Juanita answers, "I am friendly, a student, and very religious." D. pete's roommate, Self-monitoring is: These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will. Although he has just slowed his vehicle to the speed limit, he considers himself the "only one on the road" who is obeying the speed limit. B. low self-esteem . He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." How did Asch's study prove the concept of normative social influence? Bem's Self-Perception Theory proposes that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we use our behavior to infer our attitude. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. . Fifth, false consensus is in line with a Bayesian analysis that assumes a uniform prior distribution and one's own view as the only evidence (Dawes & Mulford, 1996). B)Turning down the opportunity to help out at the local homeless shelter. D. overestimating, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. D. lower; increase, People with high self-esteem and narcissism are _____. Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? C. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities. Juanita's answer describes her: Which of the following is the best example of ironic processing interfering with attempted thought suppression? Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. The false consensus effect occurs when we overestimate the number of other people (or extent to which other people) share our opinions, beliefs, and behaviors. When confronted with his behavior he argues "Well, half the drivers in that lane are alone too." . According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, when consistency and consensus are both perceived to be low. This is an example of: This is an example of: D. the brain stem, Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is the definition of: B. specific; inflated The false consensus effect refers to the tendency for people to. The false consensus effect. A. individualists; collectivists B. collectivistic B. self-monitoring Shortage is caused by issues pertaining to real goods and. Sociology is the study of groups of people. That is, you might __________ and rely on the __________. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like After reading a story in the local newspaper about a recent robbery in the downtown area, Kerry remarks, "I'm not surprised he was robbed. Joe takes on his sister's view that all people from "up north" are snobs. C. self-esteem This effect is due to, Hilder is on the so-called "South Beach diet", which restricts her from eating foods that are high in carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, potato chips, and pretzels). Population. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Religion - Rituals & Violence & Scriptures &, American Government U.S. Constitution study G. commit the base rate fallacy, representativeness heuristic, People tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors, but to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors. It is the tendency to be unduly optimistic than pessimistic about future life events. This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". Her last relationship ended after 6 months and she is strongly motivated to make this relationship last longer. A. 16 ce tv D. low self-efficacy, The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: Ingrid is highly educated, nerdy, and outspoken. Wing Tung is reading his textbook for history class. Jacob is taking his psych test. Suppose that a coin is flipped 20 times. carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision. Yogurt that is "low fat" can be described as "95% fat free" or as "5% fatty." According to research on the actor-observer effect, people have a tendency to make relatively more __________ for their own behaviors but relatively more __________ for others' behaviors. A. internal answer choices True False Question 4 120 seconds Q. -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! Raquel buys stock in two different companies. Chloe dyes her hair blue and goes to school. Both are a direct request. thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before. redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. The only difference is whom it comes from. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. people who share one's most prized. It can also skew the way we predict how people make decisions or judge a certain situation. C. fear A. self-interest colors our social judgment. . C. progressives; traditionalists D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. C. thoughts Please sign in to share these flashcards. She therefore has a(n) _______ locus of control. B. unrealistic optimism. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual The attribution theorist Harold Kelley proposed that people make use of three types of information when they make attributions for others' behaviors. This also makes you think about all of the fun and crazy things you did on your trip. If we persist despite initial failures: D. slightly, Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy. A. self-handicapping Why did the clown park his car in a red zone, where he might get a ticket? This best illustrates the ____ effect. A)Lying to a friend to avoid embarrassment. C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you A. about the same the false uniqueness effect. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors. B. loci of control Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: -people's general reluctance to do much extra thinking. Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. Suppose that you meet an old man named Al. That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? Social psychologists would say that Mr. X is making __________ attributions for Bush's success, while Mr. Y is making __________ attributions. Suls and Wan (1987) extend the motivational account and propose that false uniqueness can contribute to one's self esteem If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely. D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others, The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: What are the three types of social influence in regards to conformity? Greg finds out that his application was flat out rejected (he never had a chance), while Marsha finds out that she was the first runner up (she nearly won). She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. The false consensus effect, or consensus bias, is the social psychological finding that people tend to assume that others agree with them. The false consensus effect is the phenomenon and tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people will agree with you, think like you, and behave like you. That is, it can be __________ in different ways. D. large, non-competitive university, You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. C. the right hemisphere C. they move on and try to do better It would not be surprising if people overestimated the likelihood for celebrity marriages to end in divorce, since celebrity divorces tend to be highly publicized (while happy celebrity marriages do not as easily make front page news). C. worse about their appearance while speaking overestimate the number of people who agree with them. B. weak Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Possible selves, Culture difference in a person's self concept reflect, How is self esteem different from self concept? A. strong Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms. Narcissists value: D)Failing your first social psychology exam. The False Consensus Effect is a tendency to overestimate how much people agree with us. B. collectivists; individualists Your (false) assumption that Vlad is an athlete is MOST clearly an example of: Suppose that Mr. Yipol gives 100 students a reading exam. How does the "foot-in-the-door" compliance technique work? bt sport motogp commentators 2021. C. self-esteem The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. C. illusion of transparency; self-reference The false uniqueness effect is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. C. practice Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many people were stranded without access to food, shelter, or other resources. What is an example of false uniqueness effect? FALSE-UNIQUENESS EFFECT. B. he is demonstrating false modesty Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. D. internal locus of control; self-concept, In the U.S., those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _______ than those living in the Mountain West states. Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). A. attempt to control other aspects of their lives, such as how often they outside When people make the fundamental attribution error about entire groups of people (as opposed to individuals), psychologists say that they are making the ultimate attribution error. The false uniqueness effect is. Psychologists have often attributed the false-consensus effect to a desire to view one's thoughts as appropriate, normal, and correct, and a plethora of experimental evidence has supported the phenomenon. The false consensus effect in social psychology is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate how much others share their beliefs and behaviours. C. self-centered D. explicit, An example of how social comparisons can actually breed misery, rather than satisfaction, is when we; Consider a person betting on coin tosses, and the previous five outcomes were all Heads. C. we can overcome anything A. planning fallacy What is an example of impact bias? )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. The so-called "self-serving bias" refers to the tendency for people to. What is the difference between compliance and obedience? D. self-presentation, Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? A. hoped-for possible self D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed, John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. B. more negatively The tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all after just one exposure to a group member performing a behavior illustrates the. A. the intensity Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. If one person is "different" somehow, it allows other people to avoid conforming. Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. A. individualistic Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as an, People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than, Suppose that you are at a departmental meeting at work, and one of your co-workers starts screaming at you and calling you a "stupid freak." In making this statement, your friend was most likely guided by. A. internal -case history informationregardless of whether or not it is the first time they have purchased a car. D. neither the intensity nor the duration, The false uniqueness effect is: A. self-concept and more. B. they quit working in class because they feel so bad Examples of false consensus effect include believing that all people think that saving the environment is important because you feel that way, believing that all of your married friends must want to have children, because you believe that the only benefit of marriage is procreation, believing that all of your friends the (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time. A. decreases Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! B. low self-control Group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. B. no different from those that have only high self-esteem B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. D. Jill who lives in Malaysia. C. Keith who lives in Oregon Certain mode of responding, like public, verbal reports, leads to more conformity, whereas secret ballots lead to less conformity. When people make external, unstable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, Madisons is taking a freshman seminar at her university. -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently. (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement. a. upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, The belief that one should not change an answer on a test, even if additional consideration h as led one to believe another answer might be the correct one, is called the. D. an internal locus of control, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. C. mirror-self He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. He answers question #31 with D but isnt sure about it. D. self-serving bias, Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future: Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. Please select the correct language below. A. collective narcissism D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? The false consensus effect is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values. B. the false consensus effect. Polina is 3 years old. These shortcuts are known as. This thought is an example of, The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as, Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as, A well-known test used in psychological research plays on the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. A. small, selective university A. failing to appreciate Mark is likely to score _____ on measures of self-esteem and _____ on measures of self-efficacy. . the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. C. learned hopelessness It is the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. The field of social cognition first emerged in the __________ as __________. Some income from capital is taxed twice. A. planning fallacy The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships, C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you, You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. D. have no idea, Most people perceive themselves as: Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. As described in the textbook, current theory and research suggests that humans may have evolved to have especially large and powerful brains largely in order to, When buying a new car, people tend to look at statistical information and case history information. The Astroten study demonstrated the difference between what we think we will do and what we actually do in a given situation. It appears that, in making these kinds of interpretations, such people were actually making, The fundamental attribution error is sometimes also known as. A. self-role C. he is demonstrating false pride A role comes socially expected pattern of behavior for it, which impact both behavior and attitudes. C. self-schema B. experience more stress This is an example of what social psychology phenomenon? B. feared self D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards, B. success and distance ourselves from failure, According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001), women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview. make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. She loves to read, surf the web, hike, go camping, and cook vegetarian meals. That is, instead of seeing a "chair," for example, these people see "a wooden object with four legs." D. nothing, there terms are synonymous, B. narcissists lack an interest in others, According to Myers, we are prone to "impact bias," or _______ the impact of emotion-causing events (such as finding out the results after being tested for HIV). The Stroop test is a psychological test that highlights. Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. D. social contrast, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. A. view others as superior Why? He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." False Uniqueness Effect: The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors: Group-Serving Bias: Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group . the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not), The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. So when a task is ambiguous or difficult and people want to be correct, they look to others for information. Montana has a great handfour aceswhile Sarah's hand is just averagea 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. D. neither individual achievement nor relationships. B. self-monitoring A. specific; truthful Letha has just met her first Mormon missionary. A. people in individualistic countries persist more when they are succeeding A. anger When asked whether it is more likely that Ingrid is (a) a teacher, or (b) both politically liberal and a teacher, most people answer (b). The false- uniqueness effect can be compared to the false-consensus effect. The _________ is also known as the better-than-average effect and the Lake Wobegon effect. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. D. illusion of transparency, When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: B. collectivistic B. our surrounding culture However . . A. self-handicapping B. collectivists; individualists When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people How does the mode of responding impact conformity? D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? This is an example of: Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that, for American students, happiness comes from feeling: Andrew believes that he did well on his Social Psychology test because he studied a lot and is a good student. When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay.