Stalin was a dictator and an oppressive leader who used his power to create a totalitarian regime that was completely different from what it had been before. "Some argue that Russia was slowly evolving more modern political and social institutions, that it had a vibrant culture, a highly educated elite, that it had survived the upheaval of the 1905. The Soviet Union was established by the Communist Party, which controlled the government and economy until 1991. he thought the intelligentsia would have to lead them to revolution. I think that the Russian Revolution was successful because it ended feudalism and capitalism. Their leaders werent as strong as Lenin or Trotsky and they didnt have a clear idea of what would constitute a success, which is the most important quality of a proletariat revolution. Why did colonists revolt in reaction to the Glorious Revolution? Fitzpatrick continued by considering the Revolution within the success/failure framework. The government provided loans that allowed the former serfs to purchase land; however, these loans were costly and the land sold by the landowners was quite poor. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-failure-and-success-of-the-russian-revolution/. Before 1905, Nicholas II was, at least, tolerated by his people. There were serious safety issues at many factories. The Bolshevik revolutionaries achieved their goals, which included the destruction of the old way of rule, How successful were the outcomes of the Russian Revolution? The March Revolution of 1917 led to the abdication of Nicholas and the installation of a provisional government. Type above and press Enter to search. Considering socialism from the practical perspective of state-run industrialization, the system could be said to have succeeded, at least to some extent. The views expressed in this article are the authors own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeeras editorial policy. Is Anyone Helping Palestine? Why was the king killed in the French Revolution? The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because of their lack of popularity among peasants, who made up most of the population at that time, who wanted a monarchy instead of Communism or Socialism as an alternative form of government. Alexandra was the granddaughter of Britains Queen Victoria. In addition, a population explosion in the second half of the 19th century led to increased demands for food. See full answer below. Let the ruling classes and their servants tremble before the Communist revolution. In total, some 150,000 troops were lost in this single battle. What was life like before the Russian Revolution? Machinery and work conditions were unsafe. Home Essay Samples History World History The Failure and Success of the Russian Revolution. What ideology influenced the 1917 Russian Revolution? The immediate causes of the revolution were military defeat in the Russo-Japanese War and the well-known massacre, known as Bloody Sunday. Why do Hungarians celebrate the Hungarian Revolution? For the Bolsheviks and many in Russia, the war was simply not worth fighting. How did the Russian Revolution of 1917 impact World War I? When it happened, the Great October Revolution produced global hysteria, untamed enthusiasm and hope about the possibility of the creation of heaven on earth (a new utopia) in equal measures. Who were the Reds in the Russian Revolution? The October Revolution was actually the second Russian revolution of 1917. Let's fix your grades together! Did the French Revolution result in civil war? The Russian reaction (or lack thereof) to the 1917 Revolution suggests ambiguity about its meaning for Russians. This conflict, ultimately, led to a Bolshevik victory in the Russian civil war that followed, and the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922. The aristocracy and the Tsarist regime were widely disliked by the majority of the Russian people. The middle class supported this separation, fearing that the Russian Bolsheviks would infect their country if they remained together. The Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917 A Cautionary Tale For All Revolutionaries Human society is continuously shaped by social, political, and technological developments. Why did the Communists win the Russian Civil War? Slavoj Zizek, for example, believes that Lenins practice is out of sync with modern times. Why was the Diplomatic Revolution considered revolutionary? Why did the French Revolution devolve into the Napoleonic Wars? In 1905, Nicholas faced revolution in Russia for the first time. What was Stalin's role in the Russian Revolution? Why did industrialization happen in Russia after other countries, such as Great Britain? By the early 20th century, following the 1905 rebellion and the establishment of the Duma, efforts were made to dismantle the traditional organizational structure of peasant communities, the commune. The clearest illustration of how far to the right the Bolsheviks had moved following the outbreak of the October Revolution is the brutal repression of the Kronstadt rebellion in 1921 by Red Army troops. The failure of Bolshevism can also be blamed on Joseph Stalin, who became dictator after Lenin died in 1924 and ruled for about 30 years. So how do we as historians cope with this narrative problem? This raises the question of what the difference is between these two types of revolution and why it matters. It was a collective revolt against the Tsar who was bringing ruin upon the empire. Stalin used his position as dictator to create a totalitarian regime that was completely different from what it had been before. The campaigns of 1915 and 1916 on the Eastern Front brought terrible casualties to the Russian forces, which at times did not even have sufficient rifles. What were the main events of the Russian Revolution? What Russian Revolution led to the creation of the Duma? Socialism is also a term whose meaning sparks great disagreement among scholars. What was the cause and effect of the Russian Revolution? The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because the Bolsheviks were unable to create a stable government. Yes, the Russian Revolution was successful. . Why was Russia considered an enslaved nation under Communism? The Manifesto was issued by Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, ruled 1894-1917), under the influence of Sergei Witte (1849-1915), on 30 October [ O.S. Is It Illegal To Take Screenshots Of Conversations. With this underway, the Bolsheviks demanded a restructuring of the government, as the democratically elected Duma, which had been created in place of the royal family, was not working out as they hoped it would. While the country had taken significant steps forward in the 20 years prior to the war, it was distinctly less industrialized than its allies. Nicholas II and Alexandra persisted and were eventually married. The Russian Revolution affected the economy greatly. It shaped the 20th century and made the dichotomy between capitalism and socialism its dominant paradigm.. What was the main cause of the Russian Revolution? The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because they were not able to stop the White Terror and suppress all opposition with force, which eventually led to a breakdown of law and order in Russia and a civil war, which led them back into the hands of a monarchy again. In their petition, they called themselves oppressed, and said they were looked on as slaves. Why was the Mexican Revolution fought among many armies? Why was the Cold War significant in world history? Workers in late 19th and early 20th century Russia were largely treated like serfs, with few rights and little control over their own work environments. Why did the February Revolution of 1917 succeed? It began in February 1917 and was only completed with the withdrawal of Russian troops from World War I. Nicholas poor leadership led to significant wartime failures in Russia. Feeding a larger population proved onerous for the agricultural community. The clearest illustration of how far to the right the Bolsheviks had moved following the outbreak of the October Revolution is the brutal repression of the. His other children were all daughters. Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. The factors, which enhanced the Revolutions success, included Lenin's Leadership, the Red guards and Russia's weapons, the Military Revolutionary Committee, the mistakes and problems of the Provisional Government, Lenin's 'April Theses', the war and finally control of the Soviet. What happened in Russia immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution? Other countries, including Germany, were able to produce adequate munitions, so Russias failure was the result of inadequate organization, administration, and infrastructure. WEB Russian Revolution on the Web Guide; WEB History of Russia and the former USSR [At Internet Archive] WEB The Vladimir Ilyich Lenin . Earlier in the war, Nicholas distance from the front had provided him some protection. First, he appointed his inexperienced cousin as commander-in-chief of the army, then he planned an invasion of East Prussia. In response, the Finnish Red Guard, which served as the working class, seized the capital of Helsinki in late January of 1918 and the proletarian revolution was formally declared (Tepora). What did the Bolshevik Revolution lead to? In some areas, emancipation came later, with state-owned serfs not receiving their freedom until 1866. Thus, in a way, this guilt resulting from lack of foresight about such a tumultuous event brings us back to the failure concept. 1891-1892 Famine in Russia kills between 375,000 and 400,000 and affects millions more. The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because it failed to achieve a new form of government in Russia, which was the goal of the revolutionaries at that time, who wanted to create a new and better form of government for Russia, which has not yet been created. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on October 25, 1917. The lack of funds for food and fuel limited access to these resources. While the peasants resisted, these efforts were relatively successful, but the period of economic growth that followed was brief and ended with the beginning of World War I. The bourgeoisie did not believe that their Communism could ever succeed and perhaps neither did the working class and this is why Lenins determination was so crucial. Was the French Revolution of 1848 successful? For the bourgeois classes everywhere, the inauguration of the Soviet regime was anathema to core values of the western civilisation, while for radicals and communists it signified a natural culmination of the inevitable march of history towards human freedom and a social order devoid of exploitation. But this did not mean that all Bolsheviks shared Lenins views on war communism or that they embraced the policy that was followed in the 1920s by a partial return to the market system of production and distribution. Why did people join the Cuban Revolution? The orchestration of the Red Terror, which lasted until the end of the Russian civil war, was assigned to Cheka (a Bolshevik police organisation that reported to Lenin himself on all anti-communist activities), thereby laying the foundations for the emergence of a full-fledged police state under Stalinism. She blamed the rebellions and strikes on undesirables, and failed to address the concerns of the people. Widespread general strikes followed, and Nicholas II made a number of concessions to appease the rebels. Lasting from March 8, 1917, to June 16, 1923, the violent revolution saw the overthrow of the tradition of czarist rulers by the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin. Why was the Haitian Revolution the only successful slave revolt? Historians consider the Haitian Revolution to be the most successful slave rebellion in the Western world, its impact felt across the Americas. In this context, the legacy of the Russian Revolution obliges, one hundred years later, neither celebration nor mourning. The first revolution was on 8 March 1917, but in Russia it was recorded as 28 February 1917. She was not well liked, and was German by birth. What was Russia like before the Bolshevik Revolution? Likewise, there is still a great deal of ambiguity, disagreement and confusion over the nature of the regime that flourished in the Soviet Union after Lenins death in 1924. In March, revolutionaries led by the . What was the result of the Hungarian uprising against Soviet control? The large gap in success rates means that the difference must dramatically affect each time of uprising. Here I turn to a more famous and globally significant case: the Russian Revolution. His reputation was not an entirely fair one. He knew his cousin, Kaiser Wilhelm, relatively well, and while he knew he was power-hungry, he did not expect all of Europe to erupt into war. Why did the Russian Empire decided to conquer Central Asia? Why were emigrants killed in the French Revolution? To see how this all came to be, let's look back about a decade. What happened to the Tsar during the Russian Revolution? Why was the American Revolution important to global history? Why was the Islamic Revolution important? The legacy of the Russian Revolution obliges, one hundred years later, neither celebration nor mourning. In many cases, a revolution will start off bourgeois and succeed in creating a democratic society and the working class will realize that they are still not being benefitted enough and attempt to gain power, only to be cut down the middle and upper classes. Not all Communist countries are created through a proletarian revolution and not all proletarian revolutions end in Communism but there is certainly a direct correlation. They just wanted someone to keep them from starving to death. For example, did the Soviet Union represent an actual socialist society, a degenerated workers state, or simply a totalitarian state economy. What did Lenin promise during the Russian Revolution? Airbus's original A320 was revolutionary for many reasons, including but not limited to side-stick flight controls, a fly-by-wire system, and cargo capabilities. Who is the underclass in the Russian Revolution? What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on India? The risk of starvation increased in a relatively famine-prone region, particularly due to poor administration and organization. Why was the Agricultural Revolution more successful in England than in the rest of Europe? As for the policy of war communism, it ended a complete disaster. What happened to the Russian monarchy after the Russian Revolution? Don't use plagiarized sources. The Russian Revolution was successful because workers, soldiers, and peasants were able to wrest power away from the Provisional Government. We will occasionally send you account related emails. A young man named Saint Anthony led and taught the teachings of Christ in Western Europe. Stalinism did not merely formalise the worst aspects of Leninism but became, in reality, an actual stumbling block for the transition into socialism both inside the Soviet Union and throughout the rest of the world where the ideas of social justice and equality continued to move the minds and hearts of millions of decent people. His revolution from above, launched in 1928 with the policy of collectivisation and dekulakisation (acampaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, and executions of millions of the more well-to-do peasants) reopened the gates of hell and converted Soviet socialism once and for all into a barbarous and murderous regime. The Tsars abused the power of the absolute monarchy, and this type of government encouraged the Russian Revolution. Generally, Putin praises Stalin as a nation-builder and criticizes Lenin for allowing Soviet republics the possibility of secession, thereby failing to bind the union. While the end of serfdom should have, in theory, provided benefits to the serfs, many lost the only support and homes they had ever known. The Russian Revolution started on March 8, . She failed to even attempt to address those challenges, including the needs of the Russian peasantry. This comparison shows exactly how the Russian Revolution had to be different from other failed uprisings in order to succeed. Ferdinand II attempted to impose Roman Catholic absolutism on his domain. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. Socialist Worker. The Finns didnt have as much going for them as the Russians did, however. What factors led to the overthrow of the Russian tsar and the eventual triumph of the Bolsheviks? In response, many Russian people took to the streets in peaceful protests and marched to the . Nevertheless, Fitzpatricks prediction is that in 2117, Russians will repeat the cycle and choose to forget. What happened as a result of the Russian Revolution? What happened after the Hungarian Revolution? The 1861 emancipation of the serfs enabled those who worked the land to purchase property from landowners; household serfs received only their freedom. You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. In October, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government. The Bolshevik revolutionaries achieved their goals, which included the destruction of the old way of rule,. This can be seen during the Cold War, as the United States promises to protect any country that is fighting against the spread of Bolshevism. The principle of each type of insurgence is the same: the masses fight against an established power. Why was the Cuban Revolution important to America? Who were the Radicals in Russian Revolution? Russia entered World War I relatively underdeveloped. What were the effects of the Russian Revolution? The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because it was not supported by all factions within Russias ruling class, which allowed the White Terror to continue unchecked and lead to a breakdown of law and order in Russia. [At Durham] Why was the Spanish Revolution important? Why was St. Petersburg so important to the Russian Empire? In the years shortly after emancipation, the change helped to revitalize the Russian economy. In 1905, the Russian tsar, Nicholas II, refused to withdraw from a humiliating war with Japan. Normally, the rejection or acceptance is silent and smooth. However, it was actually two revolutionary events in one, generally brought together to describe one period. Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship. The second part of this question asks for the reverse statement: if proletarian revolutions are known to do so badly, what was different enough about the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War that followed it which allowed the Bolshevik Party to gain power and, surprisingly, keep it. You have to consider that The Communist Revolution took over Russia at a time when Russia was losing the . He met the royal family two years later, and was embraced by the Tsarina, who believed he could cure her hemophiliac son, Alexei. Fitzpatrick concluded by considering that there is a cyclical element in historians interest; what they judge as significant at one point in time may arise again later. The Russian empire was unlike any major European country but was nonetheless trying to catch up to countries like England and Germany. The revolution was executed as a result of mass unrest in the country. Protesters marching in Petrograd. Why did the Russian Empire become the Soviet Union? Dizzy With Success: Concerning Questions of the Collective Farm Movement, from Pravda, March 2, 1930. Its outbreak, its unexampled radicalism, its enduring consequences, constitute the clearest condemnation of the lying phrases which official Social-Democracy so zealously supplied at the beginning of the war as an ideological cover for German imperialism's campaign of conquest. The Provisional Government, now under the leadership of Alexander. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! After a successful revolution, Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin moved quickly to end Russia's participation in World War I. Follow the journey from Russian disapproval of the Tsar to his eventual abdication. How they would accomplish this was still unknown (Serge). The Bolsheviks controlled the central area of Russia following the October Revolution, which stretched from Petrograd to Moscow. The fact is that the Russian Revolution is an event too significant to be ignored and Russians disregard of the centenary may be damaging for their national consciousness. According to Fitzpatrick, the specific revolutionary goals of a particular period would determine the definitions of success and failure. For most of its history, Russia was ruled by an emperor, known as a czar. Afterward, Tsar Nicholas II created a lawmaking body called the Duma. The claim, of course, is hypocritical: anti-communism is . The Russian Revolution was, while a huge economic, social, and political change, the result of a number of different factors that built up over time, including economic, military, and political circumstances. Yet, even this does not mean that the Bolshevik programme and Lenins ideas of rule were accepted by the majority of the Russian people: In the November 1917 elections, the first truly free election in Russian history, Lenins party received only one quarter of the vote, while the Social Revolutionaries managed to receive over 60 percent. Once the Bolsheviks succeeded, they would just open the floodgates to Communism for the rest of the world. There was no insurance to protect against injuries or accidental death, and workers lacked the right to strike over working conditions. They occurred during World War I, when Russian military forces were hard-pressed by the Germans. As with the munitions shortages, food shortages were less an issue of agricultural production, and more an issue of poor management and administration. Around the time of his coronation, he told a friend he never wanted to be Tsar. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. What effect did the Bolshevik Revolution have on World War I? The Russian Revolution dramatically changed Russia from an autocracy to a communist system of government. While the Revolutions failure to create freedom for the people emerged as a major theme, womens emancipation during this period was barely addressed. Eventually, a ban was put in place limiting night work for women and children, and the workday was limited to no more than 11 hours. The Russian Revolution was successful because of the influence of the socialist revolutionaries as well as the utter failure of the Russian parliament and tsarist Russia in general. Exactly one hundred years ago today, in the evening of October 25, 1917, the Winter Palace . They wanted relief, but not rebellion. According to the History Channel, the Russian revolutions of 1917 led to the withdrawal of Russia from the first World War, a civil war between factions inside Russia, the rise of Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks and the birth of the USSR. It is important to note that the Russian Revolution marked the end of the Russian Empire. In 1905, workers took over factories, calling them soviets, and similar actions in 1917 would help lead to the struggle for power. Nicholas strenuously resisted these ideas, but gave in after his first choice to head a military dictatorship, [1] Grand Duke . The very idea that proletarian revolutions inherently fail but bourgeois revolutions, taking into account that the vast majority of violent revolutions fail and counting only those that succeed, statistically do much better. Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 during the closing stages of World War I, which resulted in the withdrawal of Russia from the war and the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which replaced the country's longstanding monarchy with the first Communist state in the world. The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because they were not able to defeat the Whites and prevent their return to power. She was unable to manage the government in her husbands absence and was faced with progressively greater challenges. Dreams are surely renewable, and a new world is waiting to be born, but the possibilities available to create an equalitarian, socially just, ecologically friendly, and decent society lie outside the ideas, practices and policies of the October Revolution. In 1917, revolution would change the nation of Russia. What was the Russian Revolution? To be sure, they were, until then, in Lev Trotskys own words, the pride and joy of the revolution. Why was the French Revolution considered a social revolution? Germany was expected to be largely involved in the invasion of France, as described in the Schlieffen Plan. The Russian government had attempted to address the economic crisis by printing more money. Just as the middle class joined the workers to exploit their large numbers to overthrow the usually dictatorial government in the case of a bourgeois revolution, the counter-revolutions exploit the bourgeois by fighting for an anti-worker democracy (Serge). Trotsky was a brilliant man and was good at coming up with strategies for how to improve Russias government or economy, but he did not know how to run a government or an economy and that caused much trouble for Russias government or economy during his time in power. Even they worried that the revolution would be over if they were killed on the frontlines. The soon-to-be new Tzar Joseph Visarionovich Stalin, regarded the New Economic Policy as the betrayal of the October Revolution. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper. Lenin had stomach neither for parliamentary democracy nor for sharing power with any other political organisation. The Russian Revolution occurred during World War I which might seem like it would be helpful as most of the world powers were busy fighting amongst themselves but it actually ended up hurting the Bolsheviks. The Russian people and Nicholas IIs father, Tsar Alexander III, largely disapproved of the marriage, but it was a rare love match, rather than a relationship arranged for political motivations. When Nicholas II left for the front in World War I, he left the German Tsarina Alexandra in charge of the government. Russias peasants remained in a state of near-slavery, called serfdom, for far longer than you might expect; serfdom was only ended under Nicholas father, Alexander III, in 1861. Due to the birth of the international market and extensive industrial concentration, all the people liv. Bolshevism was a political and economic system that was established in Russia after the Russian Revolution. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a bloody civil war. This sort of a revolution was bound to happen soon enough. It was not always a proletarian uprising and, indeed, only gained the objective of a society run by the working class after the Tzar was taken out of power. The 1917 revolution in Russia is widely considered a classic example of successful violent revolt. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. How did WWI help to bring about the Russian revolution? So where does that leave us? For Russia, it was imperial Germany in World War I, for Vietnam, French colonialism, for China, a century of . This led to munition shortages for the Russian army. What did Karl Marx do in the Russian Revolution? He attempted to become a monk, but failed. The Russian Revolution was successful because it ended feudalism and capitalism, which were two of the biggest problems in Russia. This, of course, failed, resulting in high inflation. How did Bloody Sunday cause the Russian Revolution? The failure of Bolshevism can also be blamed on Lenin, who was the leader of the Russian Revolution and the founder of the Soviet Union. Question 6. This talk was the final event in the 100 Year Anniversary of the 1917 Revolution lecture series, hosted by the NYU Jordan Center and co-sponsored by the NYU Department of History. Rasputin arrived in St. Petersburg in 1903. Reasons for the success of the October Revolution, 1917 Weakness of the Provisional Government, economic and social problems and continuation of the war led to growing unrest and support for. Why was the Russian Revolution successful?