But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. Thank you for subscribing. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. His younger brother, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, undertook to protect Edmund's widow Margaret, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard . [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. I would read more by this author. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Not only was . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Philip died shortly after the negotiations. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". [30] Before departing for London, Henry sent Robert Willoughby to Sheriff Hutton in Yorkshire, to arrest Warwick and take him to the Tower of London. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. The Lancastrian Henry and his Yorkist wife Elizabeth strove to reconcile the factions, but unreconciled Yorkists, to whom he was no more than a usurper, harassed his reign. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. Henry VII: The Winter King. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. Henry was a remarkable man. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. Updates? But definitely rewarding! His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). This definitely was not that. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Their main aim was money. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne.
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