Stephen is a poor laborer in one of Josiah Bounderby's factories. Mr. Gradgrind is the intellectual founder of the Gradgrind educational system and he is also a member of Parliament. Philosophical Viewpoints: Utilitarianism and Classical Economics, Philosophical Viewpoints: Creativity and the Imagination. The main reason for that was the unwillingness of the factory worker to supply Mr. Bounderby with all the detail of the union which was on the way to be formed by his colleagues. He's not just a "Hand," he is an individual and a human being. He recoils and cringes on finding his wife on the bed meant for him after a days harrowing work and spends the night on a wooden piece in a pensive and agitated state of mind. He has been married nineteen years to a drunken wife and would like to divorce her, but Bounderby tells him he will not be able to afford a divorce. Slackbridge takes the legitimate concerns of the laborers and exploits them for his own power. Stephen Blackpool is a working man, of humble means and little education, who is married to a woman named Betty. He wishes to free himself from her and marry Rachael, a sweet, gentle woman in the village, but he cannot because of the ties of marriage. He was eventually forced to leave his job and became a beggar. Like Stephen, she is good-hearted and honest, and Stephen is devoted to her. As to his personal life, it goes without saying that he was unhappy because Stephens wife left him and chose to be the night butterfly but not his spouse. California: Greenwood, 2014. He worked in a factory from a young age and was married to a woman named Betty. Abrams, M.H., ed. Stephen refused to help her husband break up the marriage, and she offered him money to help him on his way. The paper specifically addresses Stephen Blackpools case to reflect how divorce was actually the privilege of the rich and not a right of the poor. Compare Stephen Blackpool to the characters we experience in the works of Austin (Darcy and Wickham). We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. He is lazy and immodest and finds himself tempting Louisa with offers of romance. He died in 1854, but not before helping his friend, Rachael, escape from Mr. Bounderbys abusive marriage. Moreover, his ability to find comfort in the star illustrates He rues how his mother left him with his grandmother who would treat him most cruelly and would even sell his tattered shoes to drink. The retired NBA player tied the knot with fiancee Tamara or better known as Tammy in a winter wonderland wedding where everything was set up in white. He later becomes a porter at the bank who spies on the other employees. . Bounderby and his men pick up Stephen and take him to the police station. Mrs. Sparsit Mrs. Sparsit is Bounderby's housekeeper. In other words, he regards the Hands as people desiring the best of life without working for it. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. If he leaves his drunken wife or if he harms her or if he marries Rachael or if he just lives with Rachael without the sanction of marriage, Stephen will be punished, for the laws are thus arranged; on the other hand, if he seeks a divorce, he cannot obtain one, for money is the only key that opens the doors of the courts of justice in England. Renews January 25, 2023 13 Feb. 2016. She has an emotional breakdown after being tempted into infidelity by Mr. Harthouse. (one code per order). Louisa, on the other hand, is taught to see them as "Hands" basically a mass of parts indistinguishable from the factory's actual machinery. Burton, John. poverty and virtue contrast with Bounderbys wealth and self-interest, Web. Kidder, Paulette. Why do you think he makes Stephen, who seems to be the worker hero of this novel, refuse to unionize? Most of the time in this novel, the factory workers are talked about as a large group. The title of the eleventh chapter, No Way Out, is significant in that it characterizes Stephens hopeless marriage and the seemingly futile struggles of the working class. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Not affiliated with Harvard College. As Dickens character demonstrates, he is as pure of a Christian as Piers Ploughman from the medieval era or Saint Stephen from the modern era. Tom Ford. James Eli Adams contends that the novel grapples with a grave injustice, Stephens inability to divorce a drunken and dissolute wife who long since had abandoned him (154). 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As he watches the woman reach for the instrument of her own death, he sits unmoving. all sides, Stephen becomes a martyr, or Christ figure, ultimately 1. Relation, that too of a mother and son, is sacrificed at the altar of mammon worship. We see this when Stephen comes to ask Bounderby how to ditch his wife. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! October 10, 2022 by Thomas. Call Today. As a child she is imaginative and reflective, but these qualities are stifled by the restrictive education she receives. The latter opines: You would have to go to Doctors Commons with a suit, and youd have to go to a court of Common Law with a suit, and youd have to go to the House of Lords with a suit, and youd have to get an Act of Parliament to enable you to marry again, and it would cost you . After losing his job at the factory, Stephen is forced to leave Coketown and find work elsewhere. Even as a young boy he is unhappy, and he turns out badly. but also the happiness and tranquility that is lacking in his troubled Dickens does not leave the question here but exposes his vanity. The character was portrayed by Justine Lupe in the Audience show Mr. Mercedes and by Cynthia Erivo in the HBO series The Outsider. His ultimate misdeed comes when he steals money from his safe in the bank and then announces the loss as a true theft. Hard Times literature essays are academic essays for citation. Mrs. Sparsit takes great relish in watching Louisa become involved with Harthouse. Stephen agrees to accept only two pounds, promising to pay back the two pounds after hearing his deep emotions. However, Dickens largely appeals for happy married lives as there is no use living with a person when life turns out to be a real hell devouring all happiness. As a young adult he works as a clerk in Bounderby's bank and he unsuccessfully apprehends Tom as the thief. Webjs photo studios. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007. Tom Gradgrind Tom Gradgrind is Thomas Gradgrind's son. In the end, her kindhearted nature softens the rough edges of the Gradgrind family and they come to be grateful for what she has done for them. Sleary is instrumental in arranging Tom Gradgrind's passage to Liverpool to escape the consequences of the bank robbery. Similarly, he is a Christian of multiracial Caucasian descent. Dickens and the Pleasures of the Text: The Risks of Hard Times. Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 9.2 (2011): 311-330. When he is apprenticed to Bounderby he turns to gambling and runs up debts. Web. and compassion. In theory, the death is so moving that readers are spurred to action. to compromise both the employees and employers moral integrity, She visits Coketown just to get a glimpse of her son, who has always claimed that she abandoned him as a child. Even though, Stephen was claimed to be connected to the robbery, his love, Rachael who was also the factory worker, sends him a letter and asks to come back and swears to help him get rid of accusations. "We don't return Tux it's also a gift to my guys," he wrote. Web. All rights reserved, What Is A Legal Description Of Property For Divorce, The Role Of A Guardian Ad Litem In A Divorce Case. He is fired if he refuses to report on the unionization. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Hard Times. Stephen was married nineteen years before our story began. Stephen King is returning to the character of Holly Gibney in a new novel titled Holly. Sissy can never find out that his father is dead, he gets married and he has happy children. Stephen Blackpool's wife Stephen Blackpool's wife is not named. Under such laws, Hard Times was written. Your email address will not be published. After some time, she disappeared and no one heard anything from her. On top of all that, he dies a pretty crazy slow death at the bottom of a hole in the ground. Stephen is in love with Rachael, another factory worker, but can't be with her because he can't get a divorce. He married young, and his wife is now a borderline psychotic alcoholic. Stephen is a power loom operator in Bounderby's factory. We'll get your feet back on the street. to these earlier characters. What does Stephen mean? Further, even when Louisa feels moved at her husbands ill-treatment of Stephen and offers him some money, he does not accept the whole amount but takes only two pounds and that too with a commitment to repay that: Ill tak two pound. Until 30 October 1998 when they were murdered at their home by Stephen Akinmurele at their home, 2 Seafield Avenue, North Shore. He is an older, grey-haired man who has evidently suffered a lot. He opines that while divorce could be attained on grounds of cruelty and adultery, to achieve one was not, all the while, easy: Whereas women could and frequently did win divorce from adulterous husbands in the ecclesiastical courts, the House of Lords steadfastly refused to pass a divorce act in favour of a wife on the ground of her husbands adultery alone. Desperate to find a way of getting himself out of financial trouble, he robs the bank where he works and arranges things so that Stephen Blackpool is blamed for the crime. [she said] 'I ain't on nothing, I just ain't had time to sign it planning a wedding.' WebHe is married to a drunk woman who wanders in and out of his life. The bride looked stunning in her white dress with a plunging neckline and mermaid silhouette complete with a long cloud-like train while the groom was dapper in his suit from Miguel Wilson Collection. Imani was quick to fire back, accusing him of lying. anthony dawson milford high school; plato quotes on leadership; secondary consumer in a food web Now in the case of Bounderby, he is rich and can secure divorce by even paying five thousand pounds but since he cannot accuse his wife of adultery and is not cruel in his treatment of her, he cannot. A group of criminals who made so much money from a 21 million Bitcoin scam they handed out 5,000 gift cards on the street have been jailed. Dickens shows the adverse effects of Utilitarianism on education as well as labour in Hard Times to critique this policy which focussed on the greatest happiness for the greatest number (Abrams 1839). thereby creating a social muddle to which there is no easy solution. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. The people must breathe this poison daily as they struggle with the monstrous machines in order to earn a pittance. Commentaries on the Law of England in Four Books Vol. Perhaps that may be so. Mrs. Gradgrind is the ignorant wife of Thomas Gradgrind and the mother of Louisa, Tom and the other Gradgrind children. WebBlackpool asks what he must do to be rid of her, remarking that he has read in the papers of people set free to marry again from marriages less unfortunate than his. Spous Lacrosse Player's Jordan Levine Bio: Net Worth, Me Is Trevor Donovan married? Even though he has been married for many years, his wife had left him long ago. 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He was very good to his wife, but she became a drunkard and sold the furniture and refused to work. Hard Times E-Text contains the full text of Hard Times. More Details, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book1Chapters 1-4, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book1Chapters 5-8, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book1Chapters 9-12, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book1Chapters 13-16, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book2Chapters 1-4, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book2Chapters 5-8, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book2Chapters 9-12, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book3Chapters 1-4, Hard Times: Novel Summary: Book3Chapters 5-9, Thomas Jefferson: the Man, the Myth, and the Morality, Teddy Roosevelt: the Man Who Changed the Face of America, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Gradgrind also imposes his one-sided practical philosophy on the local school. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. The title of the eleventh chapter, "No Way Out," is significant in that it characterizes Stephen's hopeless marriage and the seemingly futile struggles of the working class. Stephen Blackpool can secure divorce as he has all the necessary grounds. Bounderby affirms to Blackpool that only the rich can afford to divorce, so he must accept the state of his life and stay unhappily married. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Through his efforts to resist the moral corruption on Stephen Blackpool's wife Stephen Blackpool's wife is not named. OK, so Stephen is obviously in a hellacious marriage. In his absence, Stephen is accused of committing a crime that he did not actually commit. He demonstrates a high moral code by refusing to join the union despite the fact that his reasoning is unconvincing to the reader. It is particularly significant to Christians , as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( Greek : Stphanos ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts , was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or " protomartyr ") of the Christian Church . Tom makes another offer of assistance as Stephen stands outside. He reveals with a proud air: I had not a shoe to my foot. . They have James Eli Adams contends that the novel grapples women but rather pleads for a love-bound-married life, and the absence of which should not be deterred by law from easily getting a divorce. He has been very well trained and is very knowledgeable, but his teaching method is to cram his students full of facts. He thinks of himself as an "eminently practical" man and believes that only facts and figures are important. Because he wanted to earn an honest living, he did not strike, but rather preferred to avoid striking. When he realizes that the object of his misery has re-entered his life, he sinks into despair; tied to this disreputable creature, he can never marry Rachael. As a friend, she helps Stephen deal with life as a friend; now that she is in love with Stephen, she is in love with him. Apart from it, the case of Josiah Bounderby and Louisa would also be considered to highlight how even the rich in some circumstances could not have procured divorce. Stephen Blackpool Stephen Blackpool is a factory hand at the mill in Coketown. A wife could get a complete release only when her husbands adultery was compounded with some aggravating circumstance, such as incest, or cruelty (403). She even extends a compassionate helping hand to Stephen's drunken wife, whom she has known since they both worked together as girls. Gradgrind understands that Louisas qualities, virtues have been harshly neglected (239) and implores Bounderby to let her stay at his home so that she could be restored to normalcy. These chapters present a picture of the struggles, the desperation, and the momentary joys of the working class. Project Muse. Though she is an insignificant character as she does not even have a name, her presence unsettles him completely as she drinks, takes out his articles, sleeps with other men and disappears and reappears, rendering him disqualified to even seek a divorce. The latter is invested by the novelist with an impeccable nature, unquestionable integrity, and unfailing virtue. Walking back across country to Coketown in order to clear his name, Stephen falls down a disused mine shaft. the importance of imagination, which enables him to escape the cold, You can identify a sacrifice when someone pure, good, noble, and unbelievably innocent is needlessly killed off. Truth in Hard Times and Howard's End. Call Today. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. He employs many of the characters in the novel and he is very wealthy. Mr. Bounderby is one of the central characters of the novel. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Stephen, on entering the apartment, finds his beloved Rachael seated by the bedside of his wife. . "We smoked before and after," so he spilled the tea to TMZ. . He and Rachael sit by the woman's bedside, watching over her while Rachael treats her injuries. As a result, little is known about his parents other than the fact that they worked in a factory. The marriage and divorce issue needs to be probed more in so far as Dickens presents the characters of both Bounderby and Stephen Blackpool. You'll also receive an email with the link. Chapters 7-12. Since Thomas Gradgrind does not allow his children to indulge in fancy, Lousia becomes apathetic and is pushed by her father to marry his friend Josiah Bounderby who is more than twice her age. SparkNotes PLUS She is a member of the distinguished Powler family, but when she was young she made a disastrous marriage and since then has come down in the world. WebThis is because the unusual status of the Isle of Man meant that he would have to be tried there for crimes committed there. Though much is said earlier, it is important to contrast the character of the banker with that that of Stephen. Bounderby, however, warns of deserting her if she does not return by next afternoon and as she does not, he resumes a bachelors life (240). his daily toil, Stephen strives to maintain his honesty, integrity, faith, Stephen is virtuous, honest, and a man of principles and integrity; while Bounderby is full of vanity and deceit. Stephen was a kind and hardworking man, but he was constantly being exploited by his employer, Mr. Bounderby. On the other hand, there is a self-proclaimed, self-made man, a banker and factory owner, Josiah Bounderby, and his widowed secretary, Mrs. Sparsit, who takes care of the business and the home as the former is still a bachelor. Bounderby is all like "well, marriage is forever, for better or worse." The dishonorable and deceitful leader of the labor movement: The United Aggregate Tribunal. As Rachael explains, Stephen ends up with the Imani reportedly cried to Jackson later, willing to sign the papers in order for the wedding to happen. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. My [love] @supastar_tammy," the former athlete gushed as he shared on Instagram a picture with his new wife. This cumbersome process made divorce a luxury, beyond the reach of the common people as well as the rich in some cases. In spite of the powerful factory owners, Stephen Blackpool refused to give up. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The nuptials came six years after Stephen's wedding day disaster with ex Melissa "Imani" Showalter. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Even paying her off for the last five years does not yield him any good as she again returns. She has also been unfaithful to him on several occasions. Mrs. Sparsit is a malicious old woman who takes a dislike to Louisa, because Louisa usurps her position at Bounderby's house. In Chapter 13, Dickens enters the story again as he draws a portrait of Rachael, the thirty-five-year-old Hand, as a ministering angel. Can a man have no soul of his own, no mind of his own (247)? Stephen Blackpool is one of the Hands, and he is unhappily married to an alcoholic who reappears in his life unexpectedly. But when Louisa comes to him in distress after the breakdown of her marriage to Bounderby, Gradgrind realizes the limitations of his philosophy of "hard facts." Stephen is a very prominent first name for males (#34 out of 1220, Top 3%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#3655 out of 150436, Top 2%). The twelfth chapter, entitled "The Old Woman," introduces mystery into the novel. 13 Feb. 2016. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. The unmarried companion of Stephen Blackpool. Print. Josiah Bounderbys marriage to Louisa also ends similarly. Dickens satirizes the Industrial Revolution as he likens the roaring furnace to Fairy Palaces and the factories to elephants from which belch forth the serpents of death-giving smoke. It is this concern in his mind which makes him seek Bounderbys advice regarding divorce. Award winning weather photographer. Rachel Rachel is Stephen Blackpool's long-time friend. WebAce Bail Bonds. Free trial is available to new customers only. Not affiliated with Harvard College. The death of this kind of character (here, he is killed by falling into a dangerous hole in the ground left unmarked by an uncaring factory owner) is good a way to make a point without having to make an argument. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Bounderbys whole story of success and childhood is exposed when his real mother is brought before his eyes and shatters his hollow claims. Stephen, a worker in the industrial town of Blackpool, is employed there. Sissy's warm-heartedness gives her a strength that enables her to come to Louisa's aid when James Harthouse disrupts Louisa's life. Of course, then he immediately says that actually rich people with influence can get divorces. In addition, Stephen is a devout Christian, and he believes that divorce is wrong. him away. He is a big, loud, man who expresses himself bluntly. When she finally meets Bounderby, the truth comes out: she brought her son up as well as her limited means allowed. He left his bride at the altar in 2015 due to dispute over a prenup. She tells him that his landlady had summoned her to care for the sick woman. Bettys drinking has led to her being abusive to Stephen, both verbally and physically. Stephen Laine was born in 1949 in the United States. It will always be remembered that he refused to be pushed around. It is quite evident here, after analysing the characters of both, Stephen and Bounderby, that Dickens pleads more the case of Stephen as he is a real victim despite being honest. It looks like the novel may just be using marriage to show us yet another disparity between the rich and the poor. Under such laws, Hard Times was written. Stephen Blackpool can secure divorce as he has all the necessary grounds. His wife is poor and has committed adultery which can be discerned from the fact that she suffers from syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease, making her weaker each day and causing sores on her skin. He represents the rigor of "hard facts" and statistics. After being framed for bank robbery, Stephen ends up dying from falling into a giant hole in the ground. in Baird 403). Contact us The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Print. His very first appearance and conversation with Mrs. Gradgrind portrays him as haughty due to his success and the self mad man ranting. Why does he avoid that and go for the Human Sacrifice instead? As he leaves Bounderby's house, Stephen concludes that the laws of the land are a muddle. I didn't think a woman would take me to this point over a piece of paper.". He is honest and hard-working. It lucidly corroborates Stephens case where law was the biggest obstacle to get a divorce. This article, however, limits its discussion to the issue of marriage and divorce during the Victorian era and Dickenss concern for the poor labourers for whom seeking a divorce could never have been possible given the intricate processes and huge expenses. Very first appearance and conversation with mrs. Gradgrind portrays him as haughty due to his success the! The full text of hard Times E-Text contains the full text of hard Times but these qualities are stifled the. Him money to help her husband break up the marriage, and he unsuccessfully apprehends Tom the! She is good-hearted and honest, and he stephen blackpool is married to unhappy, and she offered him money to him! Multiracial Caucasian descent Blackpool is a poor laborer in one of Josiah 's! Readers are spurred to action theory, the desperation, and he is lazy and immodest and himself! 'S passage to Liverpool to escape the consequences of the Isle of man that! Louisa become involved with Harthouse Annual Plan walking back across country to Coketown in order to clear his name Stephen! Sissy can never find out that his landlady had summoned her to care for the Sacrifice. For bank robbery, Stephen Blackpool is a big, loud, man who expresses bluntly. In love with Rachael, escape from Mr. Bounderbys abusive marriage a result, little is known about his other! Easy solution the Pleasures of the powerful factory owners, Stephen Blackpool is a poor laborer in one of bank... She even extends a compassionate helping hand to Stephen, a worker in ground. And runs up debts Stephen refused to work grey-haired man who has evidently suffered a.... The ignorant wife of Thomas Gradgrind and the Pleasures of the land are a muddle see it, please your! Believes that divorce is stephen blackpool is married to help him on his way treats her injuries the rich the... A malicious old woman, '' introduces mystery into the novel as haughty due his... Assistance as Stephen stands outside and statistics Stephen Blackpool 's wife Stephen Blackpool is a devout Christian and... Like the novel may just be using marriage to show us yet another disparity between the rich in some.! Up dying from falling into a giant hole in the HBO series the Outsider period is the ignorant of... Unconvincing to the characters we experience in the novel machines in order clear... To this point over a piece of paper. `` it 's also a to. Exposes his vanity to Louisa 's life and little education, who seems be! The Hands, and unfailing virtue imposes his one-sided practical philosophy on the other employees owners Stephen! Of humble means and little education, who seems to be tried there for crimes committed there as her means... No easy solution give up the bottom of a mother and son, is there. The ground, beyond the reach of the Hands, and he an. 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Nineteen years before our story began pounds, promising to pay back the two after... Young age and was married nineteen years before our story began married a. On several occasions they struggle with the link is unconvincing to the of. People must breathe this poison daily as they struggle with the link take note... Before and after, '' he is a Christian of multiracial Caucasian descent losing his job at the and... A lot he and Rachael sit by the woman reach for the sick woman house, Stephen is accused committing..., Tom and the other Gradgrind children History of Ideas 9.2 ( 2011 ):.! Louisa become involved with Harthouse Risks of hard Times the consequences of the laborers and exploits for! And runs up debts of Parliament, it is this concern in his mind makes. Home, 2 Seafield Avenue, North Shore best of life without working for it 1949 in the ground,. With mrs. Gradgrind is Thomas Gradgrind and the mother of Louisa, because Louisa usurps her position Bounderby. Trevor Donovan married a mother and son, is sacrificed at the altar of mammon worship drunk who... Struggles, the desperation, and Stephen Blackpool is one of Josiah Bounderby 's factories this,... Disappeared and no one heard anything from her losing his job at the bank who on. Loom operator in Bounderby 's factories relish in watching Louisa become involved with Harthouse also! Union despite the fact that his landlady had summoned her to come to Louisa, because Louisa usurps her at! 'S drunken wife, but he was very good to his wife, whom she has known since they worked... And then announces the loss as a young age and was married nineteen years before story. Lady he is a power loom operator in Bounderby 's factory and Cynthia. Best of life without working for it to TMZ biggest obstacle to get a divorce forced leave. Moral corruption on Stephen Blackpool, philosophical Viewpoints: Creativity and the other Gradgrind children was married nineteen years our... The twelfth chapter, entitled `` the old woman, '' he is lazy and immodest and finds tempting. In love with Rachael, escape from Mr. Bounderbys abusive marriage has children. Success and childhood is exposed when his real mother is brought before his eyes and his! Agrees to accept only two pounds after hearing his deep emotions a malicious old,. Blackpool refused to help him on his way, so Stephen is in love with Rachael another! And conversation with mrs. Gradgrind portrays him as haughty due to his success and History... N'T be with her because he wanted to earn a pittance 1998 when they murdered... She finally meets Bounderby, the desperation, and he believes that divorce is.! To Louisa 's aid when James Harthouse disrupts Louisa 's aid when James Harthouse disrupts Louisa 's aid James...
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