One of the unique features of Crowleys Ridge is its natural vegetation. Major support provided through a partnership with the Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. Nine lines traversed the margins and adjacent areas of the northern segment of the ridge near Jonesboro, Arkansas, and the other six were located south of Jonesboro on the southern segment. On High Ground: A Natural History of Crowleys RidgeConclusion. Craighead County Historical Quarterly 45 (January 2007): 2022. Native log and stone structures, constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s, set the tone for this park's rustic quality. 8 p. Ison, C. F. (1996). However, Eocene or Pliocene-Pleistocene near-surface strata appear to be displaced a maximum of 7.5 m. Based on reflection and geomorphologic data, we believe that reactivation of the bounding faults of Crowley's Ridge occurred concurrently with and strongly influenced Wisconsin denudation of the Mississippi valley. The land is moderately rugged, discouraging row-crop agriculture. Major funding provided by the Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, The scenic byway travels through Arkansas and time, BY PAMELA SELBERT Special to the PostDisaptch, 4 killed, 4 critically injured in crash at South Grand Boulevard and Forest Park Avenue, Parents push back on allegations against St. Louis transgender center. Jonesboro (the fifth-largest city in the state) is sometimes referred to as the hub of Crowleys Ridge. For visitors looking for a longer hike, trails connect to the Craighead Forest Park, where hikers can venture even farther. The St. Francis River rises in Missouri and forms a small section of the state line with Arkansas. Atop the forested hills in Northeast Arkansas, Crowley's Ridge State Park is situated on a unique geological formation and has a rich history. Pell, William F. 1980. [5], There is evidence that the area's elevation has increased over the years, suggesting that uplift is still taking place. Crowley's Ridge extends north-south from Clay County to Phillips County in a gentle eastward-facing arc. Crowley's Ridge, located in the Upper Delta of Arkansas, is a unique geological formation believed to have been created by water, ice, and wind action over a 50-million-year period. Digital datasets documenting subsurface data locations, topographic metrics, fault scarp mapping, and revised fault network for Crowley's Ridge, New Madrid Seismic Zone. When patients couldn't afford to pay for medical services Rush accepted goods in exchange, including rare fossils and early Native American artifacts, amassing the impressive collection on display. The ridge is actually an island formed by ancient paths of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. A 7-foot Statue of Liberty replica stands outside. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The ridge is primarily composed of the windblown glacially derived sediment known as loess. The trail brings visitors through the beautiful area as well as around Willow Pond and the ridge top. It was created within the 24,000acre St. Francis National Forest through a special use permit from the U.S. Forest Service. Memorial Day Weekend-Labor Day ARKANSAS STATE PARKS 1 Capitol Mall - Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Elevation: 200-375 ft (61-114.3 m) Geology and Soils: Although not a separate, physiographic province, Crowley's Ridge is regarded as a maJor natural division in Arkansas. USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) National Geologic Map Database. That short stretch is cut off from the rest of the ridge by the chocolate St. Francis River that loops briefly into Arkansas, then shapes the west side of Missouri's Bootheel. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1995) 85 (4): 963985. Our cabins have modern amenities including satellite television, heat, and air conditioning, full kitchens with cookware and dinnerware. Anglers will find everything from largemouth bass to catfish in the 31-acre lake. Copyright 2023 Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism, A Public Treasure: The Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge, The Best Road Cycling Routes in Little Rock, How Tacker's Shake Shack in Marion 'beat' the pandemic, Experience CCC history at Arkansas State Parks, Light up your holiday at Lights of the Delta. Northtosouth variations in geomorphic indices indicate Pleistocenetorecent tectonic uplift of the southern ridge. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1995;; 85 (4): 963985. This decrease in gradient and tectonic activity along the New Madrid seismic zone may have caused the eastward shift of the Mississippi River, culminating in the cutting of the present channel through the divide at Thebes Gap. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Forest: OzarkSt. 17005 Manchester Rd 1711 Illinois St. It does not store any personal data. Former St. Louis reality TV star James "Tim" Norman will serve life in prison for conspiring to kill his nephew. Morris, Jodi. The byway loops on over the hills, past the entrance to 114acre Lake Frierson State Park. Crowleys Ridge, a linear ridge trending northsouth for 300+ km through the Mississippi Embayment, has been interpreted as either a faultbounded uplift or a nontectonic erosional remnant. [5], The flora and fauna of the ridge seem more closely related to the Tennessee hills to the east than to the Ozark Mountains to the west. New and previously published seismic reectionandshallowresistivitydatashowdiscontinuitiesattheridgemarginsinPlioPleistocenestrata,yet Crowleys Ridge, a linear ridge trending northsouth for 300+ km through the Mississippi Embayment, has been interpreted as either a faultbounded uplift or a nontectonic erosional remnant. The 200-mile long ridge, of rolling hills rising to 250 feet over the flat Delta surrounding it, is an island of sorts, shaped 50 million years ago by the powerful ancestors of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, as glaciers moved around the continent. We are excited about what's in front of us. After three years, Head Coach Brad Phillips has decided to depart ways with CRC as he plans to take on a new role and position [], Crowleys Ridge College has announced its Presidents List and Deans List for the Fall 2022 semester. The hilly, wooded park includes a playground and paved nature trail leading steeply down to the river with interpretive panels along the way. It is the most prominent feature in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain between Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the Gulf of Mexico. Official websites use .gov The scenic drive Crowley's Ridge Parkway National Scenic Byway begins at the town of St. Francis, Arkansas, (population 218) and ends with the ridge at Helena-West Helena on the Mississippi. Please check your email address / username and password and try again. Little Rock, AR. Little Rock: State of Arkansas, 1974. Parkin Archeological State Park 15 miles east of the ridge is worth a visit (take U.S. Highway 64 at Wynne). Francis National Forest. Loess is very easily eroded, and water has cut Crowley's Ridge into sharp ridges and deep valleys. Among the many features of nature, the center is an exhibit area, discovery room, observation room, auditorium, and gift shop. Back in Arkansas, our next stop was in Piggott, at the Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Education Center. Many of the trees that make up the forest on Crowleys Ridge are similar to those found in the western Appalachian Mountains. Abundant glacial outwash and a rising sea level contributed to the aggravation of the ancestral Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, causing a decrease in their gradients. 2023 Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Wednesday thru Sunday Noon 6 p.m. Im baffled., Suspect charged in fatal shooting in downtown St. Louis, Former Sweetie Pies TV star Tim Norman gets two life sentences in nephews death, Cardinals manager Oliver Marmol slams ump C.B. M. J. Guccione, W. L. Prior, E. M. Rutledge, 1988. Available before and after public hours. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. All the other ridges of the Appalachians are carved from folded . 72201. Seriously underwater., Arch Madness: 2023 MVC Basketball Tournament bracket, schedule, game times, TV info, Centene expects to lose millions of Medicaid customers beginning in April, St. Louis man charged in quadruple fatal crash; police say he ran off with his license plate, Neman: Missouri womans saga of trying to find common sense at Walmart, I can still hear the roaring of the engine, says father of teen maimed in downtown St. Louis. Bucknor for rejecting handshake: Zero class, Man shot and killed after fight in downtown St. Louis, Fate of St. Louis Fox Theatre still undecided, Liberty High student killed in St. Charles shooting could heal you with a smile, Brothers who did everything together, fashionista among victims in fatal St. Louis crash, St. Louis prosecutors staff down by nearly half as caseloads jump. Piedmont-Blue Ridge province; Publication: Espenshade, G.H., 1954, Geology and mineral deposits of the James River-Roanoke River manganese district, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey . 1-888-287-2757 (TDD) / [emailprotected], Native log and stone park structures constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Crowley's Ridge is unique in many respects The orange sands, gravels and blue . ), Cabin 2 One bedroom duplex, 2 queen beds, fireplace, Cabin 3 Two bedroom duplex, 2 queen beds, fireplace, Cabin 4 One bedroom duplex, 1 queen bed, fireplace, ADA Accessible, CCC Cabin Two bedrooms, two bathrooms, 2 queen beds, ADA Accessible. Our last stop was at Helena's newest attraction, Delta Dirt Distillery, owned and operated by Harvey and Donna Williams and sons Donavan and Thomas. "Vascular Flora of St. Francis National Forest in Arkansas." Also of note is that the Civil War Skirmish at Chalk Bluff was fought on Crowleys Ridge on May 12, 1863. The unusual formation rises high above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment, ranging from 250 to 550 feet depending on the precise location. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We have a team of faculty members who represent the highest standards of intellectual and professional standards in their fields. She said the museum, opened in 1997, was originally home to Dr. James Oddis Rush (18671960), whose examining room and surgery were also here. Connect with Crowleys Ridge College from wherever you are: Facebook- facebook.com/CrowleysRidgeCollege. Crowley's Ridge is unique in many respects The orange sands, gravels and blue clays which form its central axis are found nowhere else in eastern Arkansas but exist as continuous formations southwest of the Arkansas River and west of a line between Pine Bluff and Hamburg. An alluvial plain is a primarily flat landform that forms when sediment is deposited over many years. The scarps are primarily located along the southern ridge, trend parallel to the ridge margin discontinuously for 0.11 km, and vertically offset <56 ka surfaces 0.4 m with up to 6 m of tilting. Pool parties may be booked outside of normal business hours if staffing allows. On to historic Helena, where ridge and parkway end. One explains that the ridge was named for Benjamin Crowley, the earliest settler here, in 1825, on land he'd been given for service in the War of 1812. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. SAF Cover Types: At the time, the ridge provided the only reliably dry north-south route through this otherwise swampy part of the then-territory. Running through nearly two dozen towns, its attractions 5 include museums, Civil War battle sites, seven state parks, a national forest, nature center and dozens of spectacular vistas. Last Modified: 12/16/2015 by Mary Mallinson Long (mmlong@fs.fed.us). It is named after Forrest L. Wood, a former commissioner and supporter of the AGFC. * Interpretive programs available year-round. We have a team of faculty members who represent the highest standards of intellectual and professional standards in their fields. The park is largely within the 22,000-acre St. Francis National Forest, itself a lonely stepchild that thrives quietly in the shadow of its superstar brothers, the Ozark and Ouachita national. A student must be enrolled full-time and achieve a GPA of 3.5 to be named to the Deans List. Crowley's Ridge is a low, narrow, eroded ridge that rises above the uniformly flat alluvial floodplain in the northeastern quadrat of Arkansas ().The ridge is geologically unique because it consists largely of wind-blown soil (loess) deposited during the late Pleistocene (Royall et al. " Crowley's Ridge Scenic Byway-historical and beautiful " Apr 2011 This byway runs in both Missouri and Arkansas. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. . Arkansas State University. Crowley's Ridge is a semi-continuous elevated upland over 380 km long within the upper Mississippi Embayment. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismotectonics of the Central California Coast Ranges, Basins of the Rio Grande Rift: Structure, Stratigraphy, and Tectonic Setting, This site uses cookies. [6][7], The soils in this area are moderately fertile and sometimes rich. A plaque explains that as a state representative from neighboring Phillips County, he advocated for a new county in east Arkansas, and in 1873 was successful in passing legislation to create one from portions of surrounding counties. Special thanks to the Department of Arkansas Heritage. Lake swimming is open seasonally (Memorial Day Weekend through Labor Day Weekend). The geomorphology of Crowley's Ridge, apparent Quaternary reactivation of the ridge-bounding faults, and orientation of the faults to the present stress field suggest that the faults bounding Crowley's Ridge and the western margin of the Reelfoot rift may be seismogenic. Lifeguards are on duty. The role of Chaplain is a time-honored tradition in our state as it provides spiritual support to our legislators while they are serving the people. This alternative explanation posits a link between the ridge and the nearby New Madrid Seismic Zone. For reservations and more information, please contact the park at 870-573-6751 or. We've driven the byway several times over the years it lures you back. New and previously published seismic reflection and shallow resistivity data show discontinuities at the ridge margins in PlioPleistocene strata, yet the timing of most recent faulting and the lateral extent of these faults remain unknown. Arkansas Department of Planning. Crowleys Ridge, completely surrounded by the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, is clearly visible because it rises some 250 feet above a relatively flat landscape. The family still raises sweet potatoes on that and additional land, and not just for the dinner table: they make prize-winning Sweet Blend Vodka, 86 proof (in honor of the original acreage), from sweet potatoes, as well as other spirits. Located in eastern Arkansas and southeast Missouri, Crowleys Ridge is no more than 11 mi (18 km) wide, but it extends for 186 mi (300 km) from Campbell, Missouri, to Helena, Arkansas (Fig. Students who achieve a GPA of 4.0 are named to the Presidents List. Creating an account gives you access to all these features. 1). These and other parks, including the Forrest L. Wood Crowleys Ridge Nature Center in Jonesboro, allow visitors to experience the distinctive character of this unique natural region. The ridge is capped by a deep layer of wind-deposited (loessial) soils, a fine-grained soil created millions of years ago as glaciers moved across the continent. The recently paved road, formerly dusty gravel, was a gift from the Walton (Walmart) family. The one-of-a-kind cabin features a modern kitchen and appliances, a full-size shower and bathtub, two queen-size beds, a full-size foldout bed, large dining room, and satellite television, and sleeps up to six. Crowley's Ridge was originally an island between the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Kayaks, pedal boats and fishing boats can be rented. Louisiana Agricultural Experimental Station, "Last Glacial loess in the conterminous USA", "Quaternary loess-Paleosol sequences as examples of climate-driven sedimentary extremes", "National Scenic Byways - Scenic Byways and Highways - Arkansas Scenic Routes", "Crowley's Ridge Parkway National Scenic Byway", "Forrest L. Wood Crowley's Ridge Nature Center", U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Crowleys Ridge, Arkansas State Parks: official Crowley's Ridge State Park website, Encyclopedia of Arkansas history and culture.net: Crowley's Ridge State Park, St. Francis National Forest at Crowley's Ridge, President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crowley%27s_Ridge&oldid=1110582434, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 September 2022, at 08:54. This project is funded in part by a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Sustaining the Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant award. Crowley's Ridge is an unusual geological formation that rises above the Alluvial Plain of the Mississippi Embayment ( Mississippi Alluvial Plain, or Delta). Private Party which includes CCC pavilion. All Rights Reserved. Important ridge cities include Paragould, Wynne (Cross County), Forrest City (St. Francis County), Helena-West Helena, and Jonesboro (Craighead County). Most of all, we have an academic community that is dedicated to asking the most profound questions and helping our students discover more about themselves and the world around them. It is fully furnished with towels, linens, coffee, tableware, and toiletries. Accounts from almost two dozen parents contradict examples provided by former case manager at transgender center. United States, Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Evidence for late Quaternary deformation along Crowley's Ridge, New Madrid seismic zone, Jessica Thompson Jobe, Ryan D. Gold, Richard W. Briggs, Robert Williams, William J. Stephenson, Jaime E. Delano, Anjana K. Shah, Burke J. Minsley. Attractions at this once major port town include an important Civil War battle site, Confederate Cemetery/Maple Hill Cemetery, Freedom Park, Delta Cultural Center and every October, the International King Biscuit Blues Festival attracting thousands from all over. The upland forests of oaks and hickories found on Crowley's Ridge look much like forests in the Ozarks. Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, Little Rock, AR. For information about lodging, dining, sh61Helena opping and more along Crowley's Ridge, visit deltabyways.com. This region is the location of some of eastern Arkansass largest cities. The vegetation is predominantly oak and hickory forests, similar to vegetation found in the Appalachian Mountains. Lying in a valley of Crowley's Ridge, a geological formation, Helena-West Helena's hilly landscape distinguishes it from the typically flat marshlands of most Mississippi and Arkansas Delta towns. The Blue Ridge is the southeasternmost of the great series of parallel ridges that form the Central part of the Appalachian mountain system. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It is but now at the opposite end of the square there's another monument, a bronze bust of William Hines Furbush (18391902). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Crowley's Ridge, located in the Upper Delta of Arkansas, is a unique geological formation believed to have been created by water, ice, and wind action over a 50-million-year period. [9] Operated by the Arkansas Fish and Game Commission (AGFC) and opened in 2004, the Center includes an exhibit area, discovery room, observation tower, meeting rooms, auditorium, and gift shop. Become a spiritually-driven educator in our nationally-accredited Teacher Education program. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Visitor Center It also includes a back patio with a pedestal grill and picnic table, perfect for an afternoon barbeque with the family. 100 Rock Street Engineering and Applied Geophysics Electromagnetics Radio Science Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Volcanology Geochemistry Geochronology Information Related to Geologic Time Mineral Physics Mineralogy and Petrology Volcanology GeoHealth GeoHealth Geology and Geophysics Exploration Geophysics From Paragould, the park is nine miles west on U.S. 412, then two miles south on Hwy. Group Area:Available year-round By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-5404-6.225. Crowley's Ridge contains important exposures of fossiliferous Tertiary sediments and contains the only documented Miocene exposures in the state. Sad to say, our part of it hasn't been developed like it was supposed to have been. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Nearest weather station, with distance and direction from RNA: Helena is about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the RNA. To assess Pleistocenetorecent tectonic activity of Crowleys Ridge, we perform landscapescale geomorphic analyses, such as relief, slope, hypsometry, and drainage basin shape, on a 10m digital elevation model (DEM). We use cookies to help our site work, understand how its used, and to deliver targeted information to existing and prospective customers. Crowley's Ridge (also Crowleys Ridge) is a geological formation that rises 250 to 550 feet (170m) above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment in a 150-mile (240km) line from southeastern Missouri to the Mississippi River near Helena, Arkansas. Built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps, it's made of local stone and enormous bald cypress logs from the nearby St. Francis and Cache river bottoms. Publication: Brown, W.R., 1958, Geology and mineral resources of the Lynchburg quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin, no. Early settlers to the Arkansas Delta also used the Ridge to flee from flooding. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. The ridge is covered with a lush mixed forest including oak and hickory and uncommon hardwood trees such as American beech, sugar maple, and the tulip tree or yellow poplar. A marked spur just inside Arkansas leads a couple of miles west to Chalk Bluff Battlefield Park on the St. Francis, our first stop. Today, visitors can fish at 31-acre Walcott Lake, hike trails winding through the woods and swim at Lake Ponder. Subscribe with this special offer to keep reading, (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). The reflection data show that Paleozoic through Eocene Wilcox sections have been uplifted beneath Crowley's Ridge from 60 to 30 m across ridge-bounding faults. Crowley's Ridge and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, but as the rivers continued to wander and erode, the loess was washed away from the plain. Crowley's Ridge, however, the loess continued to collectup to 50 feet deep in some locations! The Civil War Battle of Chalk Bluff was fought on Crowley's Ridge on May 12, 1863. The studio at the Hemmingway-Pfeiffer complex in Piggott where the great author wrote most of "A Farewell to Arms.". The ridge contrasts sharply with the surrounding flat table land of the Delta. Site survey of Turkey Ridge RNA. Here, in this world of steep hills, deep ravines, occasional wide river-valley vistas and thick forest, where branches arch overhead creating a green and yellow tunnel, you could, but for the asphalt road, be back in the time of Benjamin Crowley. This imaginary line divides resistant sedimentary Paleozoic rocks of the Interior Highlands from unconsolidated sediments of the Gulf Coastal Plain. There's a butterfly garden, native plant garden, pond, prairie, woodland and the 17,000-square foot center, where exhibits tell the ridge's long story. Today the Mississippi River joins the Ohio River near Cairo, Illinois, and flows on the east side of the ridge. In addition to the structures made by the CCC, the group also built five miles of trails for visitors, ranging from fully accessible to moderate. The ridge stands 100 to 200 ft (30 to 60 m) higher than the adjoining Eastern and Western Lowlands. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Crowleys Ridge was a divide formed during the Pleistocene, as ancestors of the Mississippi River to the west and the Ohio River to the east of the Ridge eroded Coastal Plain sediments (Call, 189 1; Fisk, 1944) (Fig. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our, Quaternary Faulting beneath Memphis, Tennessee, Integrated Geological and Geophysical Study of Neogene and Quaternary-age Deformation in the Northern Mississippi Embayment, Assessment of the Style and Timing of Surficial Deformation Along the Central Reelfoot Scarp, Lake County, Tennessee, Seismic Reflection Images of Shallow Faulting, Northernmost Mississippi Embayment, North of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Stress pattern from late Pliocene and Quaternary brittle deformation in coastal central California, Seismotectonic framework of coastal central California, Neotectonics and paleoseismology of the Wasatch fault, Utah, Tertiary and Quaternary tectonics of the Hueco bolson, Trans-Pecos Texas and Chihuahua, Mexico, Copyright 2023 Seismological Society of America. Nearest weather station, with distance and direction from RNA: Annual precipitation (type, seasonal distribution): SAF type 52 white oakred oakhickory, RNA guidance, evaluation, and establishment criteria. English: Crowley's Ridge one of the most prominent features in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. "Crowleys Ridge, Arkansas", South-Central Section of the Geological Society of America, O. T. Hayward. Loess is very easily eroded, and water has cut Crowley's Ridge into sharp ridges and deep valleys. Geology and Soils: Although not a separate, physiographic province, Crowley's Ridge is regarded as a maJor natural division in Arkansas. Little Rock: Rose Publishing Company, 1981. The ridge varies in height, from 250 to 500 feet above sea level. Erosion occurs over most of the Interior Highlands. The nature center is named Forrest L. Wood, a former Arkansas Fish and Game Commission commissioner. The Southern Research Station is one of seven units that make up the U.S. Forest Service Research and Development organization the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. Youll bring unique talents and perspectives to our diverse, dynamic community. St. Francis County Museum tells that story and more. Castanea 61(1): 49-61. The interpretations agree with recent tectonic models suggesting southern Crowleys Ridge is a compressional step over in a rightlateral fault system within the Reelfoot Rift. XML News Sitemap. The ridge is capped by a deep layer of wind-deposited (loessial) soils, a fine-grained soil created millions of years ago as glaciers moved across the continent. Finally, in July 1863, Union cavalry crossed and began a drive down Crowley's Ridge that ended with the capture of Little Rock.
Werewolves 3 Evolutions End,
Philips Zoom Patient Post Care And Maintenance Instructions,
Articles C