Whenever we speak of the production of knowledge, we are speaking of the bringing forth of what was once hidden into presence so that we may see it face to face. This is what you are attempting to do in your Exhibition. Change being negative and positive. the soul that is not prepared for it and does not possess genuine education. The book Les malheurs de Sophie was made by Kounouz about the misfortunes of a girl named Sophie. . Experience is at first passive: we come across something without going in search of it. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. We do not acquire what can be called objective knowledge of nature as that was traditionally understood. Tautologies are prominent in modern day computer language. This can be done through perception and calculation. This word has only recently come to prominence (19th century) and yet even the Pope himself uses this word when speaking of how Roman Catholics should be in the world. Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. I have a hard time distinguishing between added value and branding when I attempt to understand the concept myself. A specific discussion of the computer as an example can be found at this link: https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. Whence means from where, when and speaks of the origins of the thing in question. Diaeresis is the separation that allows something to be set in relief, juxtaposed and thus brought forward, a setting off and distinguishing of something from something else. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. For Plato, the truelogosis silent to the soul which does not have the possibility of hearing it i.e. It is the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings, which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language and their conception of a thing as a subject with accidents. An explanation is a rendering or handing over of an account of things. Opinion is Platos justified true belief which he outlines in his dialogue Theatetus. How does this statement relate to why human beings seek knowledge? The mystery of the principle of reason is what has come to define human beings as the animal rationale. They should also be applicable for other dealings with things, the things understood and delimited and defined by the project: from your three images or objects, it should be possible to expand the application of your interpretation to many other images or objects not included in the Exhibition. View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. What is the truth that we are lacking in what we hold up as knowledge? It is the final statement, nothing is without reason, that must be understood here. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? See prompts #19, #31.When we speak of grounds, we are speaking about whether the evidence or the explanation regarding the thing which is being spoken about is adequate or justified. Second order claims are claims that are made about knowledge, and you will have to deal with these in evaluating the importance of the claims that you will be making. This helps us to understand what Socrates meant when he said that the opposite of knowledge is not ignorance, but madness, such a madness as one sees in Macbeth at the end of that play. Fortunately the Greeks had no experiences Hence they did not believe that the point of art is to provide them. (Heidegger). Understanding is prior to interpretation. The principle of reason demands the universal and total reckoning up of everything as something calculable. While the perceived value of a product or a brand in the past usually accrued over time, nowadays the value of a product is truly in the eyes of a beholder rather than in the usefulness or good of the product itself. You will then find three objects or images of objects that relate to this prompt and develop your interpretation accordingly. We as human beings define ourselves as the animal rationale, that animal that is capable of reason or the animal that is capable of ratio or of counting, the animal capable of language. In todays philosophical language this interpretative method is called hermeneutics, and it derives its authority from the premise that all knowledge is historical i.e. Our imposition on nature to bring about any ends that we may have in view presents us with challenges and dangers that are most difficult to understand and to overcome. 22. 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs The first year TOK exhibition with written commentary and 3 objects Bookmark Download TOK Exhibition A Like it? Is Galileos view an improvement on Aristotles view of nature is, of course, another question entirely and one which you may explore in your Exhibition. I dont understand the link. The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. She does not have the power within herself to restore health itself, but she can establish the conditions where nature restores the health required for the patient i.e. Experiment and experience were once contrasted with the medieval practice of examining authorities and previous opinions. To count is to reckon on or reckon up, to provide the sum of something, its total. Answer (1 of 6): Can yes, Will no. Originally it did not have any connection with numbers, per se. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. Modern science is applied technology, not technology as applied science. minds. This understanding is grounded in the principle of sufficient reason. Arkadiusz Wargacki People tend to recognize their knowledge as the only correct image of reality surrounding them, as something indisputable and unchangeable. The why and the how, as well as the what are explained and this is usually indicated by our use of the word be-cause, the cause is. This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. You might wish to consider how IT managers and creators mold our acquisition of knowledge by how they portray information as knowledge and how our language is being formed and manipulated by what is considered knowledge through this technology of the helmsmen. To manage the world as picture we need to think in terms of quantity and measurement, the calculable. Any image of medicinal healing of any type can answer the questions of for whom (human beings) and for what purposes (health) because health is determined to be a good end or purpose and it has value for us. Your Exhibition is a rendering that is handed over to others i.e. Ethical obligations were called rendering what was due to some thing or another. At some point in the future you will become a member of a knowledge community within the multi-versities that are post-secondary education. What counts as a good justification for a claim? Turns out the most interesting topics to those around me are not necessarily in the order the IB has given them. The Theory of Knowledge Exhibition Prompts The TOK Exhibition (also sometimes called the TOK IA) counts for one-third of your marks in the course. values or beliefs? Ancient and medieval human beings were not subjects: The worlds becoming a picture is one and the same process as mans becoming a subjectum among beings. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? The word expert derives from expertise or know how and this kind of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne. Our modern scientific knowledge in the form of quantum physics demonstrates that what has been traditionally understood as certainty regarding knowledge of nature and inquiries into nature is not possible. 33. What is a sufficient reason? Your email address will not be published. Our use of tools is primarily a way in which we enhance our sense perception as a way of knowing things in the sciences, but the things themselves must be determined as objects and therefore calculable and measurable prior to our use of the tools. How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge? Other connotations of the word imply some things importance or value such as a disputed goal in football where we say the goal counts i.e. It'll help reduce work load for both students and teachers, while ensuring students get a deeper understanding and focus on the HL subjects. Can New Knowledge Change Establish Values or Beliefs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Experience, like all basic words, changes its meaning over history. That which is animate is also included here in this determination of being as object: nothing distinguishes humans from other animals or species (Darwins Origin of Species). Ethics study what people should do and speaks about ideal behaviour. Your rationale for establishing the relations between the objects/images will be based on the principle of sufficient reason and will demonstrate and answer the questions what, why, and how. There must be a corresponding relation or reality of the book, the table and the books place on the table. Darwin/Nietzsche Part VII: On Aristotle, Algorithms and the Principle of Contradiction and the Overturning of the True and Apparent Worlds, Part IX: Darwin/Nietzsche: Otherness, Owingness, And Nihilism, AOK: Individuals and Societies or the Human Sciences: Part One, AOK: Technology and the Human Sciences Part. It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. It is what you are doing in your Exhibition which we can say is an event. The what and the how of the object is already pre-determined and the inquiry is to find an understanding of the why. Can we do it is prior to should we do it, for we have lost any sense of should. The Greeks, for example, did not have any values and the closest approximation we have to describe this situation is what the Greeks understood by virtue. He asserts that the American Constitution and his reading of the FederalistPapers#65 by Hamilton allow the President to act in any manner he deems fit regarding his re-election as long as that action is in the public interest. Infatuation is that love of the beauty which is in the eye of the beholder. Experiment in this sense is quite different from experience: science becomes rational-mathematical, i.e. We get together and discuss TOK Exhibition Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? When one reads modern essays, doctoral theses, and other research in most areas of knowledge, one finds that there are no references from, say, before 1980 in the research. 30. It can also be a statement exhibiting a relation of implication i.e. Techneis a know how that is established and derived from a knowledge by acquaintance or epistemology. Knowing the audience is the recognition that we are beings in bodies. What we call our knowledge requires that what we consider the knowledge to be must be rendered or handed over to others so that it may be justified and made secure. Aleksandra Sachajko Confederate battle flag Since 1861 the Confederate flag has been a symbol of the American white supremacy, which is a belief that the white race is pure and superior to other races. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. Technologys erosion of human being and its enclosing of the world (the opposite of disclosing) are offset by its ability to give us experiences. Due to these people's different viewpoints of how they view an article, new knowledge can sometimes change established values or beliefs, but not always. Usually we associate experience with an intense effect on ones inner life, but not necessarily externally, as in That was quite an experience. We are obliged to the things about us if we want them to work at their most efficient level. Opinion regards those things that can be otherwise and that is why it can be true or false. Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? What do these choices indicate? Each student created an exhibition of three objects to connect to one specific question. It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. The political as understood here is not what we commonly think of as political parties etc. Implication is the act of implying,the state of being implied. The disclosure of things is prior to our human judgmental truth. What has been determined that you should know if you wish to be a prosperous member of the society which holds that the kind of knowledge espoused is the most valuable to possess? Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. The TOK exhibition. These conditions and contexts determine the actions that we will take regarding decisions which we have to make within the everyday experiences of our lives. Such a rendering needs a place where the account can be given and rendered. What we call knowledge involves truth and judgement. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being, how we have defined and classified them. Sometimes we understand experience as the experience, sensation or buzz to be derived from, say, a drug or a rally (Jimi Hendrix Are You Experienced?). 16. Activities such as gene splicing to produce seed that will not reproduce, etc. https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. Technology itself is a disclosive looking and is not to be understood as manufacturing. With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. Deformity of the soul is characterized by the movement of the soul towards something which it has established as its aim, the scope in the soul where the aim is sighted, but the individual soul is inadequate to the aim; it is unfitted or not suitable to the aim such as seen in the play Macbeth once again. The difference between one concept of greatness and another is not, however, a quantitative, but also a qualitative difference. How can we distinguish between knowledge, belief and opinion? This prompt asks you to inquire whether objectivity is possible given its assertion of the negative as to whether or not bias is inevitable (See prompt #28). Your first step is to ensure that you understand what principles and key concepts are involved in the prompt you have chosen. What makes the being of objects possible is Reason itself. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? The same principle operates in Islams rejection of any images of Allah for to represent Him as an image or idea turns Him into a thing. Before the German philosopher Leibniz declaring the principle of reason astheprinciple, it lay in hiding in the darkness of our assumptions throughout Western history. 6. Reasons must be given for the claims being made. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? This prompt is one that many students will opt for as it will not be too difficult to define the types of knowledge and their use through objects or images. They are the creators of the shadows within Platos Cave. Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge? Phronesisdeals with the proper sighting of the soulandphronesisis developed through experience and self-knowledge. Prompt: Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? The knowledge of physics, chemistry, electronics, etc. Thus in pro-jecting, what counts as knowledge is that human being always projects itself on its possibilities, though the range of possibilities varies with the thing chosen. Human being projects itself in its own project. This is what Kant called his transcendental method. It is the old definition and understanding of justice: we render to others their due. An examination of what we understand as History can occur here. What is unknowable is as such because it is unnameable. To count can be understood as what is a priori in the project, such as your Exhibition itself. Enjoy!Links & fact checks can be found on www.TOKTalk.org. and For what purpose? We doubt a claim when we are lacking certainty and reliability regarding those who are making the claim, the sources of the claim, or when the things about which the claim is being made are not sufficiently justified, that is sufficient reasons have not been supplied for the claim. Our cognition, our conscious awareness, is a type of representational thinking which, in the presentation or the experience, some thing we encounter comes to stand, to a standstill, is put in a position or place. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. TOK. Whether they are the ulemasof Muslim societies or the talking heads of the think-tanks of technological societies, it is the experts who determine how truth has been interpreted and how it should be applied to human actions within communities. In the global society of the future, these experts will be those who are able to put the discoveries of science to use i.e. Both Mary Shelleys novelFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scotts film Prometheus are warnings of the implications of seeking some kinds of knowledge without considering the ends of such knowledge. It is based upon the need to provide sufficient reasons (evidence) for the reality of the beings that are. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment. values and beliefs of an individual because they discover something new to their ears, eyes and. Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. This calculus also determines how we view a work of art and gives rise simultaneously, during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the theory of aesthetics, how we view, define and subsequently speak about art and beauty. AnywayToday Im joined by Theatre Teacher, Bob Scheer. We wish to possess knowledge that is beyond any doubt.The techneof both the engineers who designed the snow tire and of the surgeon who will perform the surgery are features of the kind of knowledge that we rely on when we have a desired end in view, be it our own safety while driving on the road or our own health. You may be asked or demanded to provide an explanation for why an essay or project which you were required to do is late. Our two latest AOKs were called Religious Knowledge Systems and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. Of course, the prompt should involve some thought regarding how we treat the world and the inhabitants within it and some thought must be given to how money is involved in many situations and conditions that students will have to face once they have made the grade and succeeded in the game where knowledge is valued according to its applications. Calling Him God or Father or whatever is not naming Him because what is lacking is knowledge by acquaintance and the terms used to describe Him are analogies or metaphors. Technology is that violence that is asserted upon nature which demands reasons for a beings being the way it is. What we understand by our word calculus is also determined from this understanding. If a thing cannot be named, it cannot be given over to others. Subjectivity does not mean subjectivism but is rather the dwelling of the claim of the principle of reason which has as its consequences the Information Age and the Age of Artificial Intelligence in which the particularity, separation and validity of the individual disappears in favour of total uniformity. how the questions of what, how and why are sufficiently answered and the thing about which the claim is being made is sufficiently brought to light and handed over to others. This perfection is the striving for the completeness of the foundation. There is no medieval world-picture: human beings are assigned their place by God in His created order. In asking the question why do we seek knowledge, we are asking what is the reason that our being is grounded in the principle of reason. your cognition of the things, should come to a greater light or understanding through this exercise. We can think of experience as an isolated, temporary experience or an inner, psychical event, intrinsically detached both from the body and from the external world. This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. As you know, you need to choose one of the 35 IA prompts to base your exhibition on. A world-picture, on the other hand, comes from the German Weltbild, a picture [BiId] of the world. Representational thinking, the thinking in images and ideas, the representedness, belongs to the objectness of objects. A sufficient reason is both a demonstration and an explanation of some thing or event, but the thing or event must be made and become an object of inquiry a priori through the application of the principle of sufficient reason. Useful to/for whom? The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. For knowledge to be knowledge, it must be shared or handed over to others and confirmed and affirmed (See prompt #26). 11. Belief {Gk. The language used by Plato in his dialogues, for instance, is an attempt to get beyond the chit-chat of everyday speech, the language we most commonly use in our everyday dealings with things and with others. These second-order claims are justified using the principle of sufficient reason which usually involves an examination of the nature of the knowledge that you are investigating and the nature of the tools that are used to produce or acquire such knowledge. which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. This exhibition (done in 11th grade) was about how new equipment in the music industry was preliminary for the "SoundCloud Rap" era in hip-hop. What some thing is determined to be in its representation is determined as what it is. This rendering is done through language of some kind. This research has different methodologies in the different areas of knowledge, and these methods of disinterring the truth are all pre-determined by the view of the past as an object of study. Turns out the most interesting topics to those around me are not necessarily in the order the IB has given them . All dissemination of knowledge is, in one form or another, political since it deals with the community or the polis. In TOK we are asked to put questions to what we think we know and how we think we know. The question here is what is meant by objectivity? Our experience of the world is one of being amidst objects and all other determinations of the being of objects is precluded other than that established by the principle of sufficient reason. In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. It is your job to examine the basis for these first-order claims. it is after hours, the owner is away on holidays, the owner is observing a religious festival, etc. This is done in the modern physical sciences. Whether we are speaking of the cherry tree in bloom in the streets or the David that was once hidden in the marble and now stands in Florence, producing knowledge involves a great deal of our time as human beings both in our work and our play. In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. While this is not so much an issue for high school students, it will become very much an issue as they proceed in their education.
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